Mixed mode fracture toughness of GFRP composites

Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are used in a wide range of applications as a structural material. They have high specific mechanical properties but are prone to delamination as a result of manufacturing defects and impact/shock loading. The ability of the structure to continue to carry load after damage and the subsequent propensity of the damage to propagate are important considerations for the design of damage tolerant composite structures. In order to accurately predict the stability of damage under load, relevant mechanical properties of the material must be accurately determined. In particular, mixed mode fracture toughness data is required in order to study the damage criticality in such structures. This paper describes an experimental study to determine Mixed Mode fracture toughness for thick glass/vinylester specimens. The test methodology used for the experiments and its difficulties will be discussed. Mixed mode fracture toughness results are presented, as are Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness results obtained via Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and End Notch Flexure (ENF) tests, respectively.     

Drawing behaviour of metal–composite sandwich structures

The drawing behaviour of metal–composite sandwich structures is investigated as a function of the constituent material properties and the process variables of blank preheat temperature and blank-holder force. Materials include three grades of aluminium alloy as the skin layer material and two types of reinforced polypropylene composite as the core layer material. Blank-holder force has a significant effect on the failure mode of the metal–composite system with lower forces resulting in wrinkling as the dominate mode and higher forces resulting in splitting and fracture. Increasing preheat temperature decreases the failure in the composite core however it will increase the severity of wrinkling in the outer flange and sidewall.     

Monte Carlo simulation on tensile failure process of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced nano-phased epoxy

This paper presents an analytical approach which combines the modified shear-lag model and Monte Carlo simulation technique to simulate the tensile failure process of unidirectional T700 carbon reinforced composite. Two kinds of matrix were investigated in the present paper, one is neat epoxy and the other one is SiC nano-particle filled epoxy. In the model, the strength of the fiber elements is randomly allocated by the Monte Carlo method, the elastic properties of the matrix elements and the friction after the interfaces breakage are definitely allocated. Using this model, the deformation, damage and failure process of the composite are simulated on the microscopic level, the tensile stress–strain relationship is well predicted. The relationship between mechanical properties of the fiber, matrix and composites was discussed. The analysis also shows that, compared with the neat system, nano-phased composite exhibits 10% improvement in tensile strength, which agrees with the experimental data.     

Glass-fibre-reinforced composites with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties - Benefits and limitations of a nanoparticle modified matrix

Nanoparticles and especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide a high potential for the modification of polymers. They are very effective fillers regarding mechanical properties, especially toughness. Furthermore, they allow the implication of functional properties, which are connected to their electrical conductivity, into polymeric matrices. In the present paper, different nanoparticles, as fumed silica and carbon black, were used to optimise the epoxy matrix system of a glass-fibre-reinforced composite. Their nanometre-size enables their application as particle-reinforcement in FRPs produced by the resin-transfer-moulding method (RTM), without being filtered by the glass-fibre bundles. Additionally, an electrical field was applied during curing, in order to enhance orientation of the nanofillers in z-direction. The interlaminar shear strengths of the nanoparticle modified composites were significantly improved (+16%) by adding only 0.3 wt.% of CNTs. The interlaminar toughness G_Ic and G_IIc was not affected in a comparable manner. The laminates containing carbon nanotubes exhibited a relatively high electrical conductivity at very low filler contents, which allows the implication of functional properties, such as stress-strain monitoring and damage detection.     

氧化铝颗粒增强铜基复合材料线切割加工研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了Al2O3/CU复合材料.研究了电参数对复合材料线切割加工速度和表面粗糙度的影响;用扫描电镜分析了复合材料线切割加工表面的SEM形貌.结果表明:选用较大的峰值电流和较短的脉冲宽度,可对复合材料进行较理想的电火花线切割加工;复合材料加工表面是由相互重叠的放电凹坑和凸缘组成,表面粘附有基体金属的球形熔滴和Al2O3颗粒.     

土工格栅与铜矿尾矿界面作用特性的实验研究

钢塑复合土工格栅的加筋效果好于其它筋材的原因在于其表面结构特性,在生产过程中塑料表面处理时,肋条压制成粗糙的花纹,以增强格栅表面的粗糙程度,提高CATT钢塑复合土工格栅与土体的摩擦系数。它与土之间不仅存在表面摩擦力,而且还存在镶嵌咬合力,从而增强加筋土体的稳定性。文中以不同规格的钢塑复合土工格栅作为加筋材料,以有色金属铜矿的尾矿作为填料土,通过拉拔实验,研究钢塑复合土工格栅与铜矿尾矿填料土的界面作用特性,获得了筋--土之间的剪切强度系数(C、φ)、似摩擦系数f*等结果,并对它们的影响因素进行了分析与探讨。     

土工合成材料在软土路基工程中的应用

软土具有含水量高、孔隙比大、渗透性小、压缩性高、抗剪强度低、触变性显著等不利的工程性质。在软土地区修筑高等级公路，一直是公路建设的一个重大技术难题。简述了土工合成材料的种类、作用及其在软土路基工程中的应用机理，并结合实例分析土工织物的应用效果。     

P_2O_5填充的PVDF复合聚合物导电膜的研制与性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯为基质,加入适量的P2O5,制备了P2O5填充的PVDF复合聚合物质子导电膜,采用交流阻抗谱的方法研究了P2O5的质量分数不同的复合膜的导电性能及相对湿度对电导率的影响.结果表明,该电解质的室温电导率达到10-2 S·cm-1,相对湿度在20%～90%范围内,对电解质的导电性影响不大.     

钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的研究

目的研究使钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱发生延性破坏时所需要确定的轴压比限值．方法通过对钢管、钢骨的简化处理，从界限破坏出发，分析了钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的组成，建立了界限破坏时的计算简图，进而推导出轴压比限值的理论计算公式．结果在确定了轴压比限值的计算公式基础上，对其进行了简化计算，根据不同的抗震等级确定了试验中3个试件的轴压比限值．结论钢管-钢骨混凝土框架柱比钢管混凝土核心柱的轴压比限制提高10％左右，其值随着钢骨含率的增加而提高．因此相比钢管混凝土核心柱，钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱具有更好的延性．     

新型外包钢-混凝土组合框架抗震性能试验

按照现行规范的有关规定设计制作了一榀两跨单层新型外包钢-混凝土组合梁-普通钢砼柱的组合框架结构模型,并通过施加恒定竖向荷载和低周反复水平荷载,对模型框架进行了抗震性能试验研究。分析了新型组合框架滞回性能、承载能力、延性、耗能能力、刚度退化等受力性能。试验表明,新型组合框架结构具有良好的抗震能力。