The anticarcinogenic potential of essential oil and aqueous infusion from caper (Capparis spinosa L.)

The present study assessed the influence of essential oil and aqueous infusion from wild-grown caper (Capparis spinosa L.) on cell growth, NF-κB activation, apoptosis and cell cycle in the human colon carcinoma cell line, HT-29. Methyl isothiocyanate (92.06%), a degradation product of glucosinolate glucocapparin, was detected as major component of essential oil from caper leaves and flower buds. Aqueous infusion of caper showed an interesting and variegate compositional pattern containing several phenolic compounds, among which a flavonol glycoside, rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, 50.7%) and 5-caffeoyl-quinic acid (chlorogenic acid, 17.5%) were detected as dominant. Caper essential oil and aqueous infusion showed time- and dose-dependent high inhibitory effect on HT-29 cell proliferation. In addition, they induced the inhibition on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity in a dose-dependent manner, while they did not show any effect on apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with caper essential oil and aqueous infusion resulted in G₂/M cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Presented results suggest that caper contains volatile and non-volatile compounds which potentially can play an important role in colon cancer prevention.     

κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶复配胶的流变性能及其微观结构研究

研究κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶(质量比为5.5:4.5)复配胶的流变特性,考察剪切速率、振动频率和温度等对复配胶流变特性的影响。研究结果表明:30℃时复配胶的储能模量G′高于κ-卡拉胶和魔芋胶单体胶的储能模量G′,其损耗模量G"低于κ-卡拉胶的损耗模量G",复配胶的凝胶性质更加明显。随着温度的升高,复配胶体系的G′始终大于G",具有典型黏弹性流体的特性。结构分析表明κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶之间具有较好的协同作用,通过分子间氢键形成了以κ-卡拉胶网络结构为主,魔芋胶穿插其中的交联网络体系。     

大目金枪鱼皮明胶与κ-卡拉胶复配胶凝胶特性探究

将大目金枪鱼皮明胶和κ-卡拉胶按不同配比混合制成复配胶,测定了复配胶的凝胶强度、流变学性质、凝胶持水性、质构、红外光谱和电镜。结果表明:复配胶的凝胶强度、粘度、储能模量和耗能模量均随着κ-卡拉胶比例的增大而增大。复配胶的凝胶持水率在明胶/κ-卡拉胶比例为7:3时为75.9%,远低于单组分明胶凝胶的97.1%,但继续增大κ-卡拉胶的比例会出现显著增大的趋势,质构特性与持水率有相同的变化趋势。红外光谱分析结果表明κ-卡拉胶与明胶之间的交互作用随着κ-卡拉胶比例的增大而减小,说明复配胶中形成了以κ-卡拉胶为主体的结构。电子扫描结果显示复配胶中出现褶皱与聚集,进一步说明κ-卡拉胶与明胶以不同比例混合后通过氢键发生了不同程度的交互作用。实际生产中,可通过改变明胶/κ-卡拉胶的配比来调节复配凝胶的特性,适应不同产品的需要。     

Genomic architecture of bovine κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin

The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic architecture underlying the absolute concentrations of 2 important milk proteins, κ-casein (κ-CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), in a backcross population of (Holstein × Jersey) × Holstein cattle. A genome-wide association analysis was performed using a selective DNA pooling strategy and the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip assay [777,000 (777K) SNP markers; Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA]. After correction for multiple testing, 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be associated with κ-CN and 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with β-LG. A pathway association analysis revealed 15 Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with the κ-CN trait and 28 GO terms associated with β-LG. In addition, several GO terms were associated with both milk proteins. Further analysis revealed that κ-CN and β-LG production is regulated by both kinase and phosphatase activity, including mechanisms regulating the extracellular matrix. These results are in concordance with the complex multihormonal process controlling the expression of milk proteins and interactions between mammary epithelial cells and extracellular matrix components. Although κ-CN and β-LG milk proteins are expressed by single genes, the results from this study showed that many loci are involved in the regulation of the concentration of these 2 proteins.     

戊二酸酐酯化κ-卡拉胶的制备及理化性质

以κ-卡拉胶为原料,戊二酸酐为酯化剂,探讨了戊二酸酐酯化卡拉胶(GC)的制备过程中戊二酸酐浓度、反应pH、反应温度、卡拉胶浓度和反应时间对产物取代度的影响,得到制备GC的工艺条件:戊二酸酐浓度4％,反应pH8～8.5,反应温度30℃,卡拉胶浓度7.50％,反应时间2 h,取代度为0.077.利用红外光谱、白度仪、粘度仪...     

蛋清蛋白/苹果多酚提高多糖基可食性包装薄膜性能及在腰果贮藏保鲜中的应用

海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)、κ-卡拉胶(κ-carrageenan,κ-C)具有天然无毒、成膜性好的特点,常被用于制备可食用多糖基包装膜.但多糖薄膜具有亲水性强、机械性能差、抗氧化活性低等缺陷.本实验以SA、κ-C为复合多糖成膜基质,以乳酸钙为交联剂,并添加蛋清蛋白粉(egg white powd...