试谈鸡西老煤炭工业基地煤竭城衰的重振对策

像所有的资源型城市一样,鸡西市也曾有过辉煌的发展历史,但近年来,鸡西市出现了“煤竭城衰”的现象。本文分析了这种现象产生的历史和原因,揭示了人与自然和谐发展的规律,并指出了解决这种现象的途径和办法。     

Reduction Behaviour of BOF Slags by Carbon in Iron

Experiments were carried out in a system with BOF slags from industrial operations in order to optimize the conditions of recycling BOF slags produced in the steelmaking process. Reduction reactions of FeO and P₂O₅ proceeded steadily and the FeO reduction rate was almost identical to that of P₂O₅. The reduction reaction of FeO and P₂O₅ in BOF slag at the slag/gas interface is the rate‐controlling step. The reaction rates of FeO and P₂O₅ by dissolved carbon in molten iron are of first order with respect to their respective concentrations. The reduction reactions of FeO and P₂O₅ by dissolved carbon in iron are much closer to the equilibrium state compared with the reduction by solid carbon. It is necessary to control the portion of phosphorus vaporization during reduction treatment in order to obtain efficient operational conditions for BOF slag reduction.     

Dechlorination of fuels in pyrolysis of PVC containing plastic wastes

The objective of this work is the study of several dechlorination methods devoted to reduce the chlorine content of the liquids obtained in pyrolysis of PVC containing plastic wastes. A mixture of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been pyrolysed in a 3.5 dm³ semi-batch reactor at 500 °C for 30 min. Stepwise pyrolysis carried out at several temperature and time conditions, the addition of CaCO₃ for chlorine capture and a combination of both methods have been studied. Additionally, some thermogravimetric analyses have been carried out in order to establish the best conditions for PVC dehydrochlorination in the presence of other plastics. It has been proved that the application of dehydrochlorination methods plays a significant role in the characteristics of pyrolysis liquids. Stepwise pyrolysis is an effective method for reduction of the chlorine content of pyrolysis liquids; additionally, heavier hydrocarbons and lower quantity of aromatics in the liquids than in conventional pyrolysis are obtained. The addition of CaCO₃ leads to the retention of a significant amount of chlorine in the solid, but more chlorine than in a conventional run is found in the liquids, which contains a higher amount of aromatics.     

中国煤制甲醇的发展研究

分析了中国煤制甲醇的发展历程,介绍了中国主要的2种煤制甲醇技术。针对目前煤制甲醇出现的严重产能过剩问题,提出了相关建议。最后对中国的煤制甲醇发展进行了展望。     

氯化苯生产的清洁工艺改造

介绍了氯化苯生产过程中"三废"的回收利用改造情况,总结了废水、废气、废渣回收改造的过程、特点和效益,经过改造实现了氯苯生产过程的清洁化和废物的资源化。     

盐酸解吸技术在含汞废酸治理中的应用

含汞废酸通过盐酸常规解吸和深度解吸装置解吸处理后,不同浓度的盐酸回用至生产系统中,达到含汞废酸零排放的目的,减少了汞污染,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

废弃玻璃钢的资源化研究进展

介绍了废弃玻璃钢的种类和来源,综述了国内外各种废弃玻璃钢的资源化研究进展,其中包括热解、水解、醇解、常压解聚,粉碎回收、能量回收、以及作为水泥原料、高炉炼铁还原剂使用等,探讨了我国在废弃玻璃钢资源化研究中存在的问题及对策,提出了今后我国废弃玻璃钢资源化研究的方向。     

反渗透系统浓水回收利用方案介绍

简要介绍反渗透技术在涂装行业的应用及国内外目前使用较多的几种反渗透系统浓水处置方法,说明当前反渗透系统浓水回收利用情况,分析并提出浓水回收利用方案。     

Catalytic conversion of low-density polyethylene using a continuous screw kiln reactor

Both thermal and catalytic cracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been investigated using a screw kiln reactor. Thermal degradation gives rise to a broad product distribution, whereas catalytic cracking over Al-MCM-41 leads mainly to hydrocarbons within the gasoline range (C₅–C₁₂) with selectivities up to 80%. The increase of the screw speed between 3 and 15 rpm in the catalytic experiments allows the plastic feed rate to be varied in the range 20–41 g h⁻¹. The changes observed in the TOF values when varying the screw speed point out a decrease of the activity per site with increasing residence times, which may be due to the catalyst deactivation or to a contribution of the degradative extrusion at higher screw speeds. Likewise, a certain increase in the selectivity towards the gasoline fraction is observed at short residence times. On the other hand, PIONA analyses indicate that, regardless of the screw speed, the main components of the gasoline are olefins (50%) and isoparaffins (20%), whereas the aromatic content is always below 6%, with a proportion of benzene lower than 0.1%.     

LY-9302型重整预加氢催化剂的开发应用

开发了LY - 930 2型重整预加氢催化剂 ,并在装置上使用 ,替代进口的S - 12含量催化剂。结果表明 :在反应温度 2 95～ 30 8℃、反应压力 2 8～ 2 9MPa、原料油中S含量≤ 346× 10 -6及N含量≤ 3 1× 10 -6、体积空速 4 4～ 7 0h-1、氢油体积比 88 7～ 117的条件下 ,预加氢精制油中S、N含量均小于 0 5× 10 -6,精制油液收率大于 97% ,完全能满足装置生产的要求 ;LY - 930 2型催化剂加氢脱硫、脱氮活性比原使用的S - 12型催化剂略高 ,选择性、寿命等均达到S - 12型的性能 ,完全能替代S - 12型催化剂