Chemical and physical characteristics of soap made from distilled fatty acids of palm oil and palm kernel oil

Manufacture of soaps from distilled fatty acids of palm oil (PO) and palm kernel oil (PK) is a well-established technology in Malaysia. Data on quality and characteristics of various blends of PO/PK fatty acid-based (palm-based) soaps made in Malaysia are not available, however. In view of this, the study described in this paper was undertaken. Eleven blends of palm-based bar soaps were made, and their properties were evaluated. There was an increase in the acid value of blended raw materials with increasing amounts of PK fatty acids. The iodine value and titer (°C) of blended raw materials, however, bear an inverse relationship with the amount of PK fatty acids. As expected, the hardness of the soap bars from the various blends increased with increasing PK fatty acid. Total fatty matter ranged from 76–85%, free caustic content was 0.1%, and sodium chloride content was 0.3–0.4%. Characteristics of soap blends made for this study were comparable with those from other countries. Quality of the soap obtained was comparable to those produced commercially.     

HIV-1中和抗体检测方法的建立

目的以荧光素酶作为报告基因,表达假病毒,建立快速、有效的HIV-1中和抗体检测方法。方法将HIV-1中国流行株B/C重组亚型和C亚型Envelope基因的真核表达质粒分别与带有荧光素酶报告基因的pNL4-3.Luc.R-E质粒共转染293T细胞,培养48h后收获含有假病毒的上清液,感染表达CD4受体和一个辅助受体CCR5的HOS细胞,培养72h后,裂解细胞,检测荧光素酶含量。结果HIV-1的B/C重组亚型和C亚型Envelope基因真核表达质粒分别与pNL4-3.Luc.R-E质粒共转染的293T细胞,均有HIV-1结构蛋白Gagpol和Env的表达,相对分子质量分别为55000和160000,用产生的假病毒感染HOS-CD4-CCR5/CXCR4细胞后,产生的荧光素酶含量明显高于对照组。结论已建立了瞬时转染检测HIV-1中和抗体的方法,为今后抗体样本及病毒样本的检测提供了参考。     

多粘芽孢杆菌发酵条件初步优化

采用单因素法,研究了发酵培养基中碳源浓度、氮源浓度、培养时间以及培养基初始pH等因素对多粘芽孢杆菌发酵的影响。研究结果表明:培养基中糯米粉浓度为14%,酵母膏浓度为5%,培养时间为72 h,培养基初始pH为7.20时,多粘芽孢杆菌发酵效果最佳,其最终效价可高达1200μg/mL以上。     

肠道病毒71型中和抗体的保护水平

目的通过检测乳鼠模型、健康婴幼儿和疫苗免疫后目标人群的肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)中和抗体效价,为确定EV71疫苗保护水平提供基础数据。方法 6份不同EV71病毒株免疫血清经中和抗体准确定量后,分别通过两个EV71乳鼠攻毒模型,检测EV71中和抗体保护水平。采用标准化的中和抗体检测法和EV71中和抗体定值标准品,分别对健康婴幼儿及疫苗免疫后血清进行中和抗体准确定量。结果在2个乳鼠攻毒模型中,6份免疫血清的中和抗体保护水平接近,ED50分别为10～50 U和6.1～54.2 U;婴幼儿人群7、12和24月龄抗体阳性率分别为45.0%、48.8%和56.8%,阳性人群的抗体效价分别为113.8、120.3和330.6U/m(l均值为173.2 U/m)l,母亲抗体阳性率和效价分别为86.7%和114.3 U/ml;中、高剂量疫苗2针免疫后,婴幼儿抗体阳性率均为100%,效价为356.0和1 136.2 U/ml,较婴幼儿人群自然感染水平高2.1～6.6倍。结论应用标准化的中和抗体检测法和EV71中和抗体定值标准品,确定了以U/ml为单位的乳鼠攻毒抗体保护水平及婴幼儿人群抗体水平和疫苗免疫后抗体水平,为EV71疫苗免疫人群中和抗体保护水平的确定提供了依据。     

噬茵体展示短肽模拟腺病毒表位的研究

目的为了获得含有中和抗体相关的３型腺病毒模拟表位短肽的噬菌体克隆,并观察其对该病毒 感染Ｈｅｌａ细胞的保护效应,为设计新疫苗提供新的思路。方法用３型腺病毒中和抗体筛选噬菌体随机十五肽 库,经三轮筛选后,随机挑取了２２个噬菌体克隆,分别加入３型腺病毒感染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞,用结晶紫染色法观察Ｈｅｌａ 细胞的病变程度。并选择一个有明显保护作用的阳性噬菌体克隆进行测序。结果８／２２个克隆噬菌体短肽对３ 型腺病毒感染 Ｈｅｌｄ细胞具有保护作用。其中一个有明显保护作用的噬菌体短肽的序列为： ｌｅｕ－ Ｖａｌ－ Ｇｌｙ－ Ｉｌｅ－ Ｔｒｐ －Ｈｉｓ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｐｒｏ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｌａ－Ｈｉｓ－Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｌａ,即ＬＶＧＩＷＨＲＬＰＧＡＨＲＧＡ。结论噬菌体短肽可以模拟中和 抗体相关的腺病毒表位,对３型腺病毒感染Ｈｅｌａ细胞有一定的保护作用。     

聚丙烯腈原丝生产过程中理论纤度的控制

介绍了一种理论纤度的计算方法,通过调节工艺参数即可直接得出纤维的纤度值。研究表明：原丝纤度与纺丝原液中总固质量分数等7项因素有关,纺1k原丝时,理论计算公式系数为5．653;纺3k原丝时,理论计算公式系数为9．680。在工艺控制过程中,可以通过理论计算来实现对纤维纤度的控制调节,方法简便易行,对原丝生产有较大的指导意义．     

烟气脱硫装置改造解析

鉴于烟气脱硫装置没有硫酸铵产出、烟气排放不达标,分析装置存在的问题,采取改变加氨位置,用滴度来控制加氨量,增加氧化空气量等措施后,取得了明显的效果。     

Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗对大鼠的免疫效果

目的比较不同浓度Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Sabin IPV)3针免疫大鼠的中和抗体效价,为确定Sabin IPV的最佳免疫方案提供参考。方法用不同浓度的Sabin IPV对52只Wistar大鼠进行3针免疫,每针间隔1个月,每次免疫后30d采血并分离血清,采用微量中和试验测定血清中抗脊髓灰质炎病毒3个型的中和抗体效价。结果大鼠经3针Sabin IPV免疫后,其Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体的几何平均滴度均显著上升,2针免疫后抗体阳转率已经达到100%,且原倍疫苗与稀释疫苗免疫大鼠后,产生的中和抗体水平差异有显著意义。结论Sabin IPV在大鼠中有良好的免疫效果,经3针免疫可产生高水平的中和抗体。     

Changes in pheromone titer of oblique-banded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana,virgin females as a function of time of day,age, and temperature

Under a 16:8 hr light-dark photoperiod and 20C constant temperature, the titers of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11–14:Ac), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11–14:Ac) and (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11–14:OH) produced by different-agedChoristoneura rosaceana virgin females varied significantly during the scotophase, with the maximum titer occurring before the onset of calling in day-0 and day-3 females, while in day-5 females the titer remained constant throughout the calling period. There was a significant decrease in the titer of all pheromone components with age, explaining the lesser attractiveness of day-5 females relative to day-0 and day-3 females observed in the field. Under a cold thermocycle simulating condition during the second flight period in the fall, the titers of all pheromone components did not vary with time of day. There was a significant decrease in the amount ofZ11–14:Ac with age but no changes occurred in the minor components. Furthermore, for any given age tested, the amount of each component produced during the period of maximal calling activity remained relatively similar at the two temperature regimes. However, as with the expression of calling behavior, pheromone production was initiated earlier at cooler than at warmer temperatures. At both temperature regimes, female age and time of day influenced the ratio of each pheromone component. These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that by calling earlier, less attractive older females may increase their probability of mating.     

E.coli表达HEV ORF2编码蛋白第112～607氨基酸片段的免疫原性及其诱生抗体的病毒中和活性

目的 探讨E.coli表达的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2编码蛋白第112～607氨基酸片段(pORF2-56K)的免疫原性及其诱生抗体的病毒中和活性。方法 pORF2-56K免疫小鼠和豚鼠,用ELISA检测血清抗体效价。将HEV毒种与高效价豚鼠灭活血清在体外孵育后,接种于2BS细胞,用RT-PCR检测病毒RNA的复制情况。结果E.coli表达的pORF2-56K可诱导机体产生高水平的HEV特异性抗体和强烈的免疫记忆。该抗体可在体外有效中和HEV,使之失去在2BS细胞中有效复制的能力。结论 E-coli表达的pORF2-56K具有良好的免疫原性,且其诱生抗体具有中和HEV的能力,可作为HEV重组疫苗的候选抗原。