Nitrite effectively inhibits sulfide and methane production in a laboratory scale sewer reactor

The production and emission of hydrogen sulfide and methane by anaerobic microoganisms in sewer systems is a well-documented problem. The effectiveness of nitrite in controlling sulfide and methane production was tested in a laboratory scale sewer reactor. Nitrite was continuously dosed in the reactor for 25 days at concentrations of 20-140mgN/L. No sulfide and methane accumulation was observed in the reactor in the presence of nitrite. A significant reduction was observed in the sulfate reduction and methane production capabilities of the biofilm. Nitrite also stimulated biological sulfide oxidation within the biofilm. The nitrite uptake rate of the reactor increased over the nitrite dosing period and nitrous oxide production was observed within the biofilm. When nitrite addition was stopped, sulfate reduction and methane production gradually resumed, and reached pre-nitrite addition levels after 2.5 months. The slow recovery suggests that nitrite can be applied intermittently for sulfide and methane control, which represents a key advantage over similar chemicals such as nitrate and oxygen. The study demonstrates nitrite addition as a promising and effective strategy for the management of sulfide and methane in sewers. Further investigation and optimization are still required before application in the field.     

Effect of temperature and disinfection strategies on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system

The establishment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), a group of autotrophic microorganisms responsible for nitrification in chloraminated distribution systems, was studied in a bench-scale distribution system. The potential significance of temperature and disinfectant residual associated with chloramination in full-scale drinking water distribution systems was assessed. Biofilm development was primarily monitored using AOB abundance and nitrite concentrations. The bench-scale system was initially operated under typical North American summer (22 degrees C) and fall (12 degrees C) temperatures, representing optimal and less optimal growth ranges for these microorganisms. Additional experimentation investigated AOB establishment at a suboptimal winter distribution system temperature of 6 degrees C. The effect of chloramine residual on AOB establishment was studied at higher (0.2-0.6mg/L) and lower (0.05-0.1mg/L) ranges, using a 3:1 (w/w) chlorine:ammonia dosing ratio. Conditions were selected to represent those typically found in a North American distribution system, in areas of low flow and longer retention times, respectively. Finally, the effect of a free chlorine residual on an established nitrifying biofilm was briefly examined. Results clearly indicate that AOB development occurs at all examined temperatures, as well as at selected monochloramine residuals. The maintenance of a disinfectant residual was difficult at times, but was more inhibitory to the nitrifying biofilm than the lower temperature. It can be concluded from the data that nitrification may not be adequately inhibited during the winter months, which may result in more advanced stages of nitrification the following season. Free chlorination can be effective in controlling AOB activity in the short term, but may not prevent reestablishment of a nitrifying biofilm upon return to chloramination.     

Online titrimetric and off-gas analysis for examining nitrification processes in wastewater treatment

The two steps of nitrification, namely the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate, often need to be considered separately in process studies. For a detailed examination, it is desirable to monitor the two-step sequence using online measurements. In this paper, the use of online titrimetric and off-gas analysis (TOGA) methods for the examination of the process is presented. Using the known reaction stoichiometry, combination of the measured signals (rates of hydrogen ion production, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide transfer) allows the determination of the three key process rates, namely the ammonia consumption rate, the nitrite accumulation rate and the nitrate production rate.Individual reaction rates determined with the TOGA sensor under a number of operation conditions are presented. The rates calculated directly from the measured signals are compared with those obtained from offline liquid sample analysis. Statistical analysis confirms that the results from the two approaches match well. This result could not have been guaranteed using alternative online methods.As a case study, the influences of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrite accumulation are tested using the proposed method. It is shown that nitrite accumulation decreased with increasing DO and pH. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed.     

厌氧氨氧化工艺研究进展

针对传统生物脱氮存在的问题,厌氧氨氧化工艺作为一种新的生物脱氮技术因其自身的优点,备受国内外水处理界的关注。本文在阐述了厌氧氨氧化的反应机理、厌氧氨氧化茵的分离鉴定、不同厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动运行情况以及应用研究现状,指出了存在的问题,并提出了今后的主要研究方向。     

硫化物测定过程中亚硝酸盐的干扰作用及其消除

对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法和碘量法测定硫化物过程中,高浓度的亚硝酸盐氮(NO2-N)会对分析测定产生明显干扰,在CNO2--N=150mg/L左右,S2-加标量为150mg/L时,两种测定方法的加标回收率分别为72.18％和59.38％.实验证明,在用碘量法测定硫化物时,若将无CO2水重复冲洗滤纸3次,其加标回收率可达100.99％.     

改性超支化聚（胺-酯）对亚硝酸根的吸附性能研究

以十八烷基三氯硅烷对超支化聚（胺-酯）进行改性,合成了改性的超支化聚（胺-酯）。改性的超支化聚（胺-酯）是一种既具有大量的端羟基且易从中水中分离出来的超支化聚（胺-酯）。将改性的超支化聚（胺-酯）用于吸附亚硝酸根离子,实验结果表明：改性的超支化聚合物对亚硝酸根离子的最大吸附量可达149．7mg／g,在酸性溶液中吸附量还将大大增加。     

溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定痕量NO_2~-离子

本文拟定了用溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定水相中痕量 NO_2~-离子的方案.以正戊醇为有机溶剂,CPB(溴化十六烷基吡啶)为捕收剂,浮选 NO_2~-与对氨基苯磺酸及α-萘胺所形成的偶氨染料,在534mm 波长处以试剂空白为参比测定吸光度,其表现摩尔吸光系数为6.6×10~6Lmol~(-1)cm~(-1),检测下限为0.3ppb.用于实际样品中痕量 NO_2~-离子的测定,五次测定的相对标准偏差为1.6％.1000倍于 NO_2~-离子的 Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅲ),Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Ca(Ⅱ)、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Cl~-、Br~-、PO_4~(3-)等共存物不干扰测定.     

偶氮化合物的极谱行为及痕量亚硝酸盐测定的研究

本文研究了在氨性介质中,对氨基苯甲酸重氮盐与8-羟基喹啉形成偶氮化合物的最佳实验条件,并对电极反应机理作丁初步探讨,建立了一个灵敏、快速测定NO_2~-的新方法。大量NO_3~-存在不干扰。用于多种水样中痕量NO_2~-测定,获得满意结果,回收率为92％～100％。     

应用便携式快速水质检测仪测定生活用水中的亚硝酸盐

采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法利用便携式快速水质检测仪测定生活用水中的亚硝酸盐。结果表明线性关系为y=6.7684x-0.0002,R2为0.9999。在测定生活用水样品时,与采用TU-1901标准方法数据相比其相对误差在±0.36%之内。实验证明便携式快速水质检测仪测定生活用水中的亚硝酸盐与国标方法盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法(GBT 7493-1987)相比,没有显著性差异,且仪器具有方便快速的特点。