Effects of oxygen pressure on the growth of pulsed laser deposited ZnO films on Si(0 0 1)

ZnO thin films were prepared on Si(0 0 1) substrates using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique and then their growth and properties were investigated particularly as a function of ambient O₂ pressure during film growth. It was found that the microstructure, crystallinity, orientation and optical properties of the films grown are strongly dependent on the O₂ pressures used. Completely c-axis oriented ZnO films are grown in a low O₂ pressure regime (5×10⁻⁴-5×10⁻² Torr), whereas a randomly oriented film with a much lower crystallinity and a rougher grained-surface is grown at an O₂ pressure of 5×10⁻¹ Torr. This deterioration in film quality may be associated with the kinetics of atomic arrangements during deposition. Our results suggest that ambient O₂ pressure is an important processing parameter and should be optimized in a narrow regime in order to grow a ZnO film of good properties in PLD process.     

排烟含氧量测量中的不确定度分析

排烟氧量测量的可靠性对炉窑的经济运行和环境保护具有重要意义，在影响测量结果可靠性的诸多因素中尤以取样系统的影响为最。本文着重闸述这一因素对测量过程和测量结果的影响，给出一种符合GB10184标准要求的新型取样系统，并对这一取样系统进行全面分析。     

仿生法制备功能陶瓷薄膜材料

介绍了一种新的功能陶瓷薄膜制备方法——仿生法。该方法不同于传统的湿化学方法，如水热合成法、熔胶凝胶法、电化学法等，其突出特点是无外加电场，不需要调制熔胶或者凝胶，可以在常温常压下合成。该方法涉及两个关键点：基板表面的修饰和溶液条件的控制。我们在基板(单晶硅，玻璃等)的表面通过化学吸附的方式生长了一层自组织单分子层，然后将这层单分子层部分暴露在紫外光下，使暴露部分发生光化学反应，从而生成与未暴露部分不同的新的官能团。以此为模板，在适合的溶液条件下(溶液的过饱和度等)，通过溶液与模板表面官能团之间的选择性的物理化学作用，实现了从溶液中直接制备位置、形貌、结晶形态等可控的功能陶瓷薄膜。作者以SrTiO3为例简单介绍了这种新的合成方法。     

铁固体超强酸催化剂的改性及结构特征

用沉淀法在一定条件下制备了由硫酸根促进的以氧化铁为主要活性组分的铁固体超强酸催化剂 ,并选择了氧化镧与氧化锆作为辅助金属氧化物添加剂进行了改性。用红外光谱测定了其分子结构 ,用流动气相色谱法测定了催化剂的比表面积和孔径结构。结果表明 ,铁固体超强酸催化剂的酸强度H0 ≤ - 1 4 5 2 ,比表面积为 1 2 4 8m2 ·g- 1 ,孔径集中在 1 0～ 2 0nm ,分子为桥式双配位结构。经改性后的催化剂用于乙酸丁酯的合成反应 ,有较高的催化活性和使用寿命。     

红色光致发光材料ZnO:Li+的制备研究

目前对光致辐射红光的发光材料研究较少，且掺杂元素多为稀土。本文根据半导体掺杂原理，以氧化锌为基质、非稀土金属锂为掺杂元素，采用溶胶一凝胶法，合成了纳米级的红色光致发光材料ZnO：Li^ 。通过比较产品的发光性质，确定了反应的最佳煅烧温度为700℃，掺杂Li^ 的最佳摩尔浓度为0．2％。利用X-射线衍射仪和激光粒度分析仪分别对合成产物的结构和粒径进行分析，其平均粒度为62nm，发射光谱波长在615nm左右，说明掺杂元素锂固溶于ZnO晶体中形成了ZnO：Li^ 的纳米粉体。经荧光光度计测定合成产物的激发光谱与发射光谱，确定合成粉体的光致发红光的特性。文章最后对合成产物的光致发光机理进行了探讨。     

Second harmonic generation in self-assembled ZnO microcrystallite thin films

The second-order non-linear susceptibility components were measured using 1.064 μm incident light for ZnO thin films of various thicknesses from 24.4 to 283 nm self-assembled on sapphire substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy. It was found that the values of the non-linear susceptibility for the films are almost the same as those of bulk material, except the samples with thicknesses ranging from 35 to 64.8 nm, which show a large enhancement effect. For the sample with a thickness of 44.4 nm, the second-order non-linear susceptibility components were found to be approximately 14.7 pm/v for d₃₁, 15.2 pm/v for d₁₅, and −83.7 pm/v, a value approximately 14 times that of the bulk material, for d₃₃. The second-order non-linear coefficient enhancement in the thin films may be resulted from the microcrystallite structures.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.     

Combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and thermoelectricity of (La1−xCax)VO3 composition-spread films

La_1−xCa_xVO₃ composition-spread film library was fabricated by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and their thermoelectric properties were evaluated paralelly by the multi-channel probes of Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity. Concurrent X-ray analysis verified the formation of solid soluted films in the full composition range (0x1) as judged from the linear variation of the lattice constants. The Seebeck coefficients of La_1−xCa_xVO₃ changed from a large negative value to almost zero with the increase of x, due presumably to the variation of valence in vanadium ions.The power factor in this library was as high as 0.6 μW/cm K², which was obtained at x=0, i.e. pure LaVO₃ grown at 800 °C.     

Epitaxial growth of WOx nanorod array on W(001)

Nanorods of substoichiometric tungsten oxide (WO_x) were grown on W(001) substrates. Two methods for the growth of nanorods were used: oxidation of the substrate under appropriate conditions and the deposition of tungsten oxide from a tungsten foil heated in the presence of oxygen. The grown nanorods were observed using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. The diameters of the nanorods were 5–20 nm. The nanorods were slightly inclined from the directions parallel or normal to the surface. The inclination of nanorods was explained in terms of the epitaxial relationship between WO₃ crystals and the W(001) substrate. The WO₃ crystals formed at the initial stage of growth act as the nuclei of WO_x nanorods. We observed selective enhancement of the growth in a certain epitaxial direction depending on the method of growth, and an array of WO_x nanorods was produced on the W(001) substrate.     

微波消解分光光度法测定水泥中的氧化镁

采用家用微波炉来消解普通硅酸盐水泥试样,在表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,研究了茜素红与镁离子的显色反应,在pH=9的氨-氯化铵缓冲介质中,茜素红与Mg(Ⅱ)生成了紫红色的配合物,其最大吸收波长为590 nm,Mg(Ⅱ)浓度在0.02～0.8(g·mL-1范国内呈线性关系,其线性方程为A=0.056 7 0.112 6C(C:μg·mL-1),相关系数为0.999 4;同时,还探讨了微波消解的最佳条件,并在最佳条件下,对水泥、熟料、生料中氧化镁的测定,获得比较满意的结果.