微波高压提取快速测定饲料含氟量的探讨

采用微波高压制样技术,快速提取饲料中的氟元素,结合氟离子选择性电极标准添加和电位极差测试方法,能够快速、准确地测试饲料中的含氟量     

Low‐voltage and high‐transmittance blue‐phase liquid‐crystal device with slanted electrodes

Abstract— A low‐voltage (～10 V_rms) and high‐transmittance (～90%) polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid‐crystal (BPLC) device with a slanted‐electrodes structure is proposed. Unlike the vertical‐field‐switching (VFS) mode in which oblique incident light and a vertical field are employed, the proposed device utilizes normal incident light and an oblique field. The slanted electrodes generate a strong and uniform oblique electric field, which contributes in obtaining low voltage and high transmittance. Moreover, no couple films or prism sheets are needed, which helps to enhance the optical efficiency and simplify of the device structure. This device has great potential application for emerging BPLC displays and photonic devices.     

以1,3-二(4-邻羟基苯亚胺次甲基)苯氧基丙烷为载体的铁离子(Ⅲ)电极的研究

以1,3-二(4-邻羟基苯亚胺次甲基)苯氧基丙烷为中性载体制备了PVC膜Fe3+离子选择性电极。该电极对Fe3+呈现出良好的选择性和近Nernst电位响应性能。电极斜率为21mV/dec,线性范围为3.0×10-5～1.0×10-1mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-5mol/L。采用交流阻抗技术研究了电极的响应机理,并将电极作为指示电极初步用于EDTA的电位滴定。     

基于2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)为载体的硫氰酸根电极的电位响应

制备了基于一种简单的金属铜配合物2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)(Cu(Ⅱ)DHBA)为载体的PVC膜硫氰酸根离子(SCN-)选择性电极。该电极在1.0×10-1～1.0×10-6mol/LSCN-浓度范围内呈现斜率为-59.5mV/dec的近Nernst电位响应,检测下限为9.1×10-7mol/L。利用紫外可见光谱及交流阻抗技术初步探讨了电极对SCN-呈现的选择性电位响应机理。该电极作为直接电位分析法的指示电极,成功运用于实验室废水中硫氰酸盐含量的测定。     

Electrochemical investigation of the iron-containing and no iron-containing AB5-type negative electrodes

The electrochemical behaviour of LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.75−xFe_x (x = 0, 0.15, 0.55, 0.75) intermetallic compounds has been studied and presented [C. Khaldi, H. Mathlouthi, J. Lamloumi, A. Percheron-Guégan, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 29 (2004) 307–311; C. Khaldi, H. Mathlouthi, J. Lamloumi, A. Percheron-Guégan, J. Alloys Compd. 360 (2003) 266–271; C. Khaldi, H. Mathlouthi, J. Lamloumi, A. Percheron-Guégan, J. Alloys Compd. 384 (2004) 249–253]. It has been deduced that the LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.4Fe_0.35 compound has interesting electrochemical properties. In this paper we present the electrochemical study of LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.4Fe_0.35 compound properties compared with the parent LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.75 compound. Several techniques, such as, the chronopotentiometry, the constant potential discharge (CPD), the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the linear polarization (LP) were applied to characterize these electrochemical properties. The electrochemical discharge capacity of the LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.75 alloy increases to reach 294 mAh g⁻¹ after few cycles only (five cycles). However, the activation of the LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.4Fe_0.35 alloy takes more than 20 cycles to be achieved and the obtained maximum discharge capacity is 194 mAh g⁻¹. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient D_H was determined by constant potential discharge and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The obtained values of the LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.75 and LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.4Fe_0.35 compounds are 6.29 × 10⁻¹¹ and 7.62 × 10⁻¹¹, and 2 × 10⁻⁸ and 7.5 × 10⁻⁸ cm² s⁻¹ by CPD and CV techniques, respectively. The exchange current density values, determined by a linear polarization technique, are 44 and 27 mA g⁻¹, respectively, for LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.75 and LaNi_3.55Mn_0.4Al_0.3Co_0.4Fe_0.35 alloys.     

小波变换在伺服焊枪电极位移曲线分析中的应用

电极位移曲线能够反映出点焊规范参数波动，是一个理想的监控参数。采用离散Daubechies4阶小波对电极位移曲线进行滤波处理，成功地将测量曲线分为电极位移趋势曲线、波动曲线。这两种曲线分别反映了点焊质量的整体质量优劣、过程一致性这两方面特征，提高了位移曲线表征焊接过程的能力，为伺服焊枪的点焊质量控制提供了准确、优良的数据基础。     

二元稀土系AB5型贮氢电极合金的放电容量与晶胞体积和4f电子浓度的关系

制备了6个系列通式为AαA‘1-αB5的RE(NiCoMnTi)5贮氢电极合金(其中，AαA‘1-α为La，Ce，Pr，Nd4个元素中任意2个的组合)，测定了它们在100次循环中的最大放电容量Cmax及部分合金的晶胞体积Vcell．结果表明：Cmax主要由Vcell决定，Cmax先随Vcell的增大而增加，在Vcell≈85．66x10^-^3。nm^3时达到一极大值，然后又随Vcell的增大而减小；同时，Cmax还与4f电子浓度ne4f／naRE有关，A侧具有相同4f电子浓度的合金其Cmax随4f电子浓度的变化趋势相似．     

Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

The dye industry produces a large amount of hazardous wastewater every day worldwide, which brings potential threaten to the global environment. As an excellent method for removal of water chroma and chemical oxygen demand, electrocatalytic methods are currently widely used in the treatment of dye wastewater. The selection and preparation of electrode materials and electrocatalysts play an important role on the electrocatalytic treatment. The aim of this paper is to introduce the most excellent high-efficiency electrode materials and electrocatalysts in the field of dye wastewater treatment. Many electrode materials such as metal electrode materials, boron-doped diamond anode materials and three-dimensional electrode are introduced in detail. Besides, the mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation is summarized. The composite treatment of active electrode and electrocatalyst are extensively examined. Finally, the progress of photo-assisted electrocatalytic methods of dye wastewater and the catalysts are described.     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

基于有限元方法的CeCl3和NdCl3在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电极动力学模拟

充分理解锕系元素和镧系元素在熔盐中的行为和性质是实现反应堆乏燃料熔盐电解后处理的关键,然而熔盐电解实验所需的高温环境、腐蚀性熔盐甚至放射性物质等条件限制了实验的广泛开展。为寻求一种低成本且可靠的获取元素在熔盐中性质的途径,采用有限元方法在不同温度下模拟了不同浓度的三氯化铈和三氯化钕在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的循环伏安曲线,并与实验数据做了对比。结果表明,有限元方法能够较为准确地反映实际电化学过程,继而为乏燃料熔盐电解后处理提供数据支持。