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采用转糖苷化法合成烷基糖苷,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素对产率的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:m(催化剂)∶m(丁醇)=0.011∶1;n(正丁醇)∶n(高碳醇)=1∶1;n(丁醇)∶n(葡萄糖)=3∶1。经过H2O2脱色,反应温度为110℃~115℃,反应时间为4 h,葡萄糖的转化率达到98%。实验结果表明:影响产率的主要因素为催化剂和葡萄糖的配料比。 相似文献
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沙枣淀粉烷基多糖苷的制备与性能 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
以植酸和对甲苯磺酸二元体系为催化剂,以沙枣和脂肪醇作原料,采用转糖苷法合成了烷基多糖苷表面活性剂。确定较佳工艺条件为:m(乙二醇)∶m(十二醇)∶m(沙枣粉)=12∶1∶1;常压反应,温度90~100℃;沙枣糖转化率接近100%。测定其表面张力为25 9~28 9mN·m-1,25℃时临界胶束浓度为2×10-5mol/L,HLB值为18,并对其结构进行了红外测定。合成的烷基糖苷(APG)产品可应用于农药乳化,餐具洗涤剂等。 相似文献
107.
以局部表面改性的紫铜直方柱和梯度方柱阵列为研究对象,实验研究了表面润湿性、表面形貌和表面活性剂对池沸腾换热性能和气泡生长特性的影响。实验工质为去离子水,浓度分别为100、200、400、800 mg·L-1的异丙醇溶液和正庚醇溶液。实验结果表明:方柱阵列表面镀银之后润湿性变差,表面产生的气泡数量减少。向去离子水中添加异丙醇或正庚醇后,在热通量为66.1~202 kW·m-2时,气泡脱离直径变小、数目减少,而当热通量增至413 kW·m-2时,活性剂能够有效阻碍气泡合并,故池沸腾传热系数随着浓度增加先减小后增大。上下层宽分别0.5 mm和1 mm、间距为2 mm的梯度方柱阵列结构有助于气泡的合并,但由于促进了固体表面气膜的形成,从而降低了沸腾换热性能。 相似文献
108.
Various aspects of alkyd emulsion technology have been investigated. The influence of alkyd oil length, acid value and hydroxyl number and type of surfactant used as emulsifier, on shear stability of alkyds emulsions have been studied. It was found that the acid value was the most important alkyd parameter, the stability increasing with increasing oil length. It is also shown that anionic surfactants give emulsions with small droplet sizes at lower concentrations than do nonionics. Polymerizable nonionic surfactants have been tested as emulsifiers and compared with conventional surfactants of the same hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB). It was found that surfactants capable of participating in the autoridative curing process give faster drying and improved film hardness compared with nonreactive surfactants. The distribution of driers between the alkyd phase and the water phase has been investigated. It was found that low pH and the use of hydrophilic anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate, favour partitioning of cobalt into the aqueous phase which is unfavourable with respect to drying properties. 相似文献
109.
The production and properties of the biosurfactant synthesized by Bacillus subtilis CCTCC AB93108 were studied. The maximum concentration of the surfactant is 1.64 g/L when the bacteria grow in a medium supplemented with glucose as carbon sources. The isolated biosurfactant is a complex of protein and polysaccharide without lipids. It reduces the surface tension of distilled water to 45.9 mN/m, and its critical micelle concentration (CMC) is 2.96 g/L. It can stabilize emulsions of several aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, xylene, n-pentane, n-nonane, gasoline and diesel oil. It presents high emulsification activity and stability in a wide range of temperature (4-100℃) and a long period of duration. 相似文献
110.
The wettability, surfactivity and the correlation between wettability and surfactivity of sodium diethylhexylphosphate, sodium
diethylhexyl polyoxyethylene phosphate and their complex in NaOH solutions were studied. A complex alkali resistant phosphate
surfactant with good permeability was prepared. The wettability of surfactants was investigated by measuring the immersion
time, sinking time and capillary effects of nature cotton grey fabric in NaOH solutions. The surfactivity of the surfactants
was characterized by measuring the surface tension. The effect of the complex on the surface appearance of cotton grey fabric
was also investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that all the surfactants exhibit good wettability
for cotton grey fabric in 0.5–5.0 mol/L of NaOH solutions, the complex system exhibits better wettability in 5.0–7.0 mol/L
of NaOH solutions, in comparison with either corresponding single surfactant component employed, and wettability is well correlative
with the surfactivities of the surfactant. SEM images indicate that the cotton grey fabric is well wetted by the alkaline
surfactant solution and the quality of fabric is improved. 相似文献