改性聚丙烯酰胺吸水性树脂的吸水性能及抗碎化性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,2-丙烯酰胺基-2甲基丙烷磺酸钠(AMPS-Na)、3-烯丙氧基-2-羟基-1-丙烷磺酸钠盐(HAPS)两种可聚合表面活性剂作为改性剂,与丙烯酰胺共聚,合成了两种改性聚丙烯酰胺吸水性树脂。研究了不同掺量交联剂与改性剂对聚丙烯酰胺吸水性树脂的吸水性能及抗碎化性能的影响。结果表明:提高交联密度可降低聚丙烯酰胺吸水性树脂的吸水倍率,但对其抗碎化能力无改善效果;AMPS改性后的聚丙烯酰胺吸水倍率增大,但其脆性增加,抗碎化能力变差;HAPS改性后的聚丙烯酰胺吸水性能降低不显著,而且韧性和抗碎化能力大大改善。     

无机杂化纳米晶最新研究进展

无机杂化纳米晶是2种或多种无机材料纳米晶通过界面外延而获得的纳米系统.综述了无机杂化纳米晶研究的国内外最新发展,重点讨论了现有各制备方法的关键控制因素以及组元间的作用机制对产物性能的影响,展望了该领域今后的研究方向.     

仿生法合成纳米氧化锌及性能表征

采用了一种全新的表面活性剂——酵母。以硝酸锌为原料，氨水和尿素为沉淀剂，运用仿生法与均匀沉淀法相结合制取纳米氧化锌，并利用多种测试手段进行性能表征。试验结果表明，制得的氧化锌颗粒较小，加入酵母后，氧化锌的性能有了显著提高，烧结温度在300和600℃时的氧化锌具有很好的光催化性。     

The Potential Role of SP-G as Surface Tension Regulator in Tear Film: From Molecular Simulations to Experimental Observations

The ocular surface is in constant interaction with the environment and with numerous pathogens. Therefore, complex mechanisms such as a stable tear film and local immune defense mechanisms are required to protect the eye. This study describes the detection, characterization, and putative role of surfactant protein G (SP-G/SFTA2) with respect to wound healing and surface activity. Bioinformatic, biochemical, and immunological methods were combined to elucidate the role of SP-G in tear film. The results show the presence of SP-G in ocular surface tissues and tear film (TF). Increased expression of SP-G was demonstrated in TF of patients with dry eye disease (DED). Addition of recombinant SP-G in combination with lipids led to an accelerated wound healing of human corneal cells as well as to a reduction of TF surface tension. Molecular modeling of TF suggest that SP-G may regulate tear film surface tension and improve its stability through specific interactions with lipids components of the tear film. In conclusion, SP-G is an ocular surface protein with putative wound healing properties that can also reduce the surface tension of the tear film.     

新型非离子水性聚氨酯表面活性剂的制备及性能

采用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、蓖麻油和聚乙二醇(PEG)等为主要原料,通过逐步聚合得到一种新型非离子水性聚氨酯表面活性剂,并利用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,当蓖麻油∶TDI∶PEG-4000=1∶9∶11时,采用依次加入蓖麻油、TDI、PEG的加料方式,能够合成得到综合性能较好的非离子水性聚氨酯表面活性剂。对该表面活性剂在水相中的表面活性进行了测试,结果表明,所制得的非离子水性聚氨酯表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度约为22 g/L,水溶液的最低表面张力可达53 mN/m。     

月桂酸阳离子酯表面活性剂的合成及性能

实验以十二叔胺与环氧氯丙烷合成环氧中间体N-2,3-环氧丙基二甲基十二烷基氯化铵,再与月桂酸反应制备了月桂酸阳离子酯表面活性剂2-羟基-3-十二酰氧丙基-二甲基十二烷基氯化铵(HDAC)。考察了反应条件对产物收率的影响,合成中间体的最佳条件为:反应温度25℃,n(环氧氯丙烷):n(十二叔胺)=1:1,时间约24 h。再用活性中间体与月桂酸在丙酮中以等物质的量比于60℃反应8 h得到柔软性能良好的HDAC,其水溶液的临界胶束浓度为0.85 mmol/L,表面张力为27.38 mN/m。     

河南油田聚表剂性能评价

针对河南油田Ⅲ类及以上油藏提高原油采收率的需要,通过对聚表剂基本质量性能、长期热氧稳定性、耐温抗盐性能、乳化携油能力、岩心驱油效率等进行系统评价,优选出聚表剂JBL-1。当JBL-1质量浓度为2 000 mg/L、段塞量为0.5 PV时,能提高采收率16.49%。     

一种提高稠油采收率的技术——混相水驱

铜油混相水驱是稠油吞吐热采降压开采后提高采收丰的一种技术。它是利用氮气、泡沫及活性剂各自不同的特性，来提高驱油效率和扩大波及体积，达到提高最终采收率的目的。经室内模拟认为：该技术比常规水驱驱油效率提高30%，采收率提高7%；配套工艺技术比蒸汽驱简单且投资少。     

The influence of surfactants on the flow characterization of heavy oil

Flow characteristic of oil-in-water emulsion for heavy oil in porous media was studied. A surfactant was screened out and subsequently utilized as the emulsifier in sandpack flooding experiments with different oil-water ratio and permeability. The dual sandpack flooding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of emulsion in porous media and the ability to enhance oil recovery. Results indicated that the selected surfactant gave a remarkable flow resistance in porous media. Higher oil-water ratio and lower permeability resulted in higher flow resistance. The surfactant increased ultimate recovery of 7.7% by diverting the fluid into low permeability sandpack.     

不对称Gemini表面活性剂与SDS的复配研究

以三聚氯氰、二正辛胺、牛磺酸、乙醇胺为原料,合成一种阴-非离子不对称Gemini表面活性剂(HG-8),并利用ESI-MS、1 H NMR、元素分析对其结构进行了表征。采用Wilhelmy吊片法测定了HG-8、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS,一种传统阴离子表面活性剂)以及两者的复配体系在30℃下的表面张力,探索并比较单一组分与复配体系的表面性能。结果表明:HG-8降低表面张力的效率和降低表面张力的能力优于SDS,而两者复配体系又优于任一单一组分,表现出强烈的协同效应。当HG-8的摩尔分数大于0.3时,复配体系在形成胶束能力方面存在协同效应。当α=0.9时,复配体系的临界胶束浓度和临界表面张力分别为5.11×10-5 mol/L和26.83mN/m。