Coastal trapped waves in the southern Caspian Sea

Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes.     

The Trees of the Sacred Natural Sites of Zagori,NW Greece

Cultural landscapes can often be identified by the presence of sacred trees which have been retained and can be recognised as distinctive veteran trees. The characteristics of these trees such as huge size and longevity give them an enduring presence in the landscape, while their conceptualisation as the ‘domesticated’ wild, transform them into symbols of spirituality and local history. In Zagori, NW Greece, trees gain sanctity by virtue of proximity or connection with sacred sites often associated with churches. In these sites, trees can grow into natural shapes as a result of strong taboos, which prevent use for private needs. There is an association between tree species and the nature of the sacred site: broadleaved oaks and maples are associated with outlying churches; plane trees are located in central squares, next to the church and provide a focal point for community life, while in cemeteries native evergreens are nowadays replaced by planted conifers. In the present day local communities appreciate sacred trees as living elements of their collective memory and local history.     

从《洛阳伽蓝记》论北魏洛阳城市佛寺园林

《洛阳伽蓝记》详尽记载了北魏时期洛阳佛寺．该文据此对我国佛寺园林发展的历史背景和北魏洛阳城市佛寺园林的形制特征、文化特质以及对后世寺庙园林的历史影响进行了分析概括.     

南北朝至隋唐时期佛教寺院经楼、钟楼布局变化初探

在佛教寺院中的经楼与钟楼是早期佛寺的重要布局要素之一.但是,由于中国早期佛教考古发掘资料的缺乏,我们尚不知道其具体布局情况如何.因此,该文基于南北朝至隋唐时期的有关佛教文献记载,以及敦煌莫高窟佛寺壁画和韩日早期佛寺遗址资料,南北朝至隋唐时期佛寺中的经楼与钟楼布局变化进行整理分析,得到如下结论：由南北朝至隋唐时期,在佛寺布局中的经楼与钟楼,由佛殿后边至佛殿前边、由中心院落以外至中心院落以内迁移,但其左右位置却无定制.     

浅谈陕北地区窑洞建筑的通风设计策略

窑洞是陕北地区的特色建筑形式,它不仅是当地传统文化和人文精神的结晶,而且符合绿色生态和可持续发展的要求。该文以陕北地区传统窑洞为研究对象,通过文献数据分析和实地调研两种方式,提出了陕北地区传统窑洞建筑的通风设计策略,旨在探索传统窑洞建筑改造的新方式。     

柴北缘马北地区下干柴沟组储层特征

运用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜和化验资料等,系统研究了柴达木盆地北缘地区下干柴沟组储层孔隙结构特征,并对储层发育的控制因素进行了分析。结果表明,下干柴沟组储集空间以原生粒间孔为主,其次为溶蚀孔和少量裂缝。储层综合评价为中孔-细喉道-中渗型储层。沉积相带是储层储集性能的主要控制因素,该区发育的辫状河河床亚相的砂砾岩是主要储集岩。成岩作用对储集性能也有影响,其中压实作用和胶结作用降低孔隙度,溶蚀作用增加次生孔隙。     

柴达木盆地北缘盆山构造关系与油气勘探方向

穿过赛什腾山南侧构造边界的地震剖面显示．赛什腾山南缘断裂带总体表现为扭动特征。该断裂带在西端主要表现为向北、向上冲断;中部以高角度为特征;东缘（1001测线剖面）则表现为低角度、向盆地方向的逆冲断层,可能是走滑断裂构造端部的构造转换,为伴生构造样式。柴达木盆地北缘（柴北缘）的边界造山带并没有向盆地方向大规模逆冲,赛什腾山山前的东台1井及绿梁山山前的尕丘1井均未钻遇被山体掩覆的新地层,而是钻遇了高角度断裂带,也说明山体向南侧的逆冲规模较小。因此,新生代以来柴北缘地区的构造变形以走滑变形为主,逆冲推覆是走滑构造的伴生产物。柴北缘走滑断裂带构造变形具有反转特征．并不是厚生油气藏形成的有利地带,走滑带之间的块体可能是相对稳定的块体,具有较有利的成藏条件。图7参12     

Sulfur content of gasoline and diesel fuels in northern China

In order to investigate vehicle fuel quality in northern China, the sulfur content of fuels purchased from the market has been studied. 235 samples from urban areas and highway service stations were collected and tested with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. 88% of the gasoline samples contained sulfur below 500 ppm, the limit then in effect, and 92.5% of the diesel fuel samples were below 2000 ppm, the required limit. China's Ministry of Environmental Protection recommend lower sulfur to assure that the vehicles using the fuels comply with the China III emission standards—those limits are 150 ppm sulfur for gasoline and 350 ppm for diesel fuel. The recommended limits were not often met: in Jinan, Shanghai, Changchun and Xi'an, 0%, 11%, 46% and 60% of the gasoline sampled were below 150 ppm sulfur. For samples from highway stations, only 14–58% of gasoline was under the 150 ppm sulfur and only 0–67% of diesel samples below 350 ppm in different regions. This mismatch, between fuel sulfur levels that would enable vehicle emission controls to operate effectively, and the actual fuel sulfur levels at service stations, results in unnecessarily high pollution from potentially cleaner vehicles.     

南阳盆地北缘更新世以来的构造演化特征

南阳盆地是白垩纪晚期以来持续发育的断陷盆地,通过对南阳盆地钻孔及河流阶地的研究,并结合ESR测年方法,对南阳盆地北缘更新世以来的构造演化特征进行了分析。结果表明：研究区冲洪积层主要由全新统、上更新统、中更新统组成,分别构成了湍河的Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级阶地;中更新统以来,研究区垂直升降运动较为明显,湍河下蚀作用十分强烈,多级阶地的结构体现了更新世中晚期以来的总体持续下蚀过程,且时间和空间上表现出不均衡性,其下蚀速率由慢至快又逐渐减缓。     

Short communication: Microbiological quality of raw cow milk and its association with herd management practices in Northern China

Contamination of raw milk with bacterial pathogens is potentially hazardous to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total bacteria count (TBC) and presence of pathogens in raw milk in Northern China along with the associated herd management practices. A total of 160 raw milk samples were collected from 80 dairy herds in Northern China. All raw milk samples were analyzed for TBC and pathogens by culturing. The results showed that the number of raw milk samples with TBC <2 × 10⁶ cfu/mL and <1 × 10⁵ cfu/mL was 146 (91.25%) and 70 (43.75%), respectively. A total of 84 (52.50%) raw milk samples were Staphylococcus aureus positive, 72 (45.00%) were Escherichia coli positive, 2 (1.25%) were Salmonella positive, 2 (1.25%) were Listeria monocytogenes positive, and 3 (1.88%) were Campylobacter positive. The prevalence of S. aureus was influenced by season, herd size, milking frequency, disinfection frequency, and use of a Dairy Herd Improvement program. The TBC was influenced by season and milk frequency. The correlation between TBC and prevalence of S. aureus or E. coli is significant. The effect size statistical analysis showed that season and herd (but not Dairy Herd Improvement, herd size, milking frequency, disinfection frequency, and area) were the most important factors affecting TBC in raw milk. In conclusion, the presence of bacteria in raw milk was associated with season and herd management practices, and further comprehensive study will be powerful for effectively characterizing various factors affecting milk microbial quality in bulk tanks in China.