毛细管气相色谱/质谱法定性巴岩油的化学成份

本文采用毛细管色谱/质谱法分析了巴岩油的化学成份,共定性出五十九种组份,并对所得结果进行了讨论。     

克拉玛依油田回注地层水杀菌剂的再次筛选

采油二厂属克拉玛依油田各区块自１９８９年开始使用的注入水杀菌剂ＷＣ－８５，已因水质变化和细菌耐药能力增加而逐渐失效。采油二厂工艺所于１９９３年１月从９种国产杀菌剂中筛选出两种（ＣＳ１０－３ＢＷ－２），在现场试验中以４０ｍｇ／ｌ的浓度交替连续投加，每种使用１月，原用缓蚀剂照用，使处理后注入水中ＳＲＢ、ＴＧＢ含量和腐蚀率都降至行业标准规定的允许值以下。这一工艺已于１９９３年６月投入现场使用。     

碱法造纸黑液在稠油开采中的应用研究

本文通过室内实验研究,证实碱法造纸黑液对稠油有明显的降粘作用,用降粘相图法考察了温度、稠油粘度、水的矿化度和不同来源的黑液对稠油降粘作用的影响,提出了用黑液使稠油降粘的工艺技术参数,作为油田试验的参考。由于不同造纸厂的黑液对不同油田的稠油都有好的降粘作用,因此黑液最好就近使用,以减少运输成本。     

养殖水中油类含量的苯乙烯示值法研究

根据芳烃类与稠环共轭双键化合物有紫外吸收这一特点,提出以相对于苯乙烯含量为水中油类含量的示值,表示油类总量。此法简便、易行,且结果具有相对稳定性和可对比性。     

松辽盆地北部多波勘探试验研究

本通过利用横波勘探松辽盆地北部小断块构造所取得的较好效果，说明泊松比能有效地反映岩性和气藏的变化规律。     

厦门地表水油污染的油种指纹鉴定

厦门地表水主要有从九龙江取水的北溪引水渠和坂头水库等,系厦门饮用水源。为保证自来水水质,自1989年至1994年开展厦门地表水水质调查,无论定期取样或临时抽样,早期均发现有石油烃污染。经带毛细管色谱柱的程序升温气相色谱作正构烷烃油种指纹鉴定,为船舶的柴油和汽车的机油、废油污染地表水。其中还检出如苯并(α)芘等多环芳香烃化合物,经美国罗得岛大学海洋研究生院有机地球化学实验室测定确认了这一结论。通过有关方面进行污染源治理,现水质得以恢复,自来水中苯并(α)芘已符合饮用水标准。     

Industrial trials on coadjuvants for olive oil extraction

Industrial scale experiments were performed in an olive oil production factory to assess the effect of different physical acting coadjuvants on oil extraction and oil quality. Up to 120,000 kg olives were processed. Talc and calcium carbonate, with different particle sizes, were assayed at concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1% by weight. Both coadjuvant types are food grade and are recognized as food additives by EU regulations (E-170 as calcium carbonate and E-553b as talc). Industrial trials were performed at room temperature with no added water, thus avoiding volatile compound loss and hydrosoluble compound content decrease. As a consequence, the obtained oils were more aromatic and their positive attributes more intense, in comparison to other olive oils produced in different operational conditions. In addition, energy requirements were decreased (releasing a lesser amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere) and water uptake was kept to a minimum.     

Performance of cellulose derivatives in deep-fried battered snacks: Oil barrier and crispy properties

The performance of batters containing cellulose derivatives (methyl cellulose (A4M), three hydroxypropylmethyl celluloses (E4M, F4M and K4M) with different degree of hydroxypropyl and/or methyl substitution and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) to produce crispy deep-fried snacks crusts was studied by using a deep-fried crust model. Their performance was compared in terms of their ability to retain moisture content, to decrease oil content and the effect on crispness. Thermogelation properties of the cellulose derivatives depended on the type and degree of substitution. All increased the water content and decreased the oil content of the deep-fried crusts, except for CMC, which does not thermogelate and did not increase the amount of water retained in the crust, although a decrease in the oil content was found. The highest oil reduction and the lowest water retention were found for the cellulose with the lowest level of methyl substitution (K4M). The sound emitted during fracture of K4M crusts had higher intensity than the other cellulose derivatives indicating a crispier crust.     

The effect of grape seed extract or Cistus ladanifer L. on muscle volatile compounds of lambs fed dehydrated lucerne supplemented with oil

Thirty-six Merino Branco lambs were assigned to six dietary treatments: control diet (C) consisting of 90% dehydrated lucerne and 10% wheat bran; control diet with 6% of oil blend (CO); control with 2.5% of grape seed extract (GS); control with 2.5% of grape seed extract and 6% of oil blend (GSO); control with 25% of Cistus ladanifer (an aromatic bush widespread in Portugal; CL); control with 25% of C. ladanifer and 6% of oil blend (CLO). The muscle longissimus dorsi was then subjected to the analysis of volatile compounds (SPME–GC/MS). The CLO diet increased the concentration of heptanal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2-ethyl-phenol in muscle compared to the CL diet. When lambs received the CL diet, their meat contained lower amounts of 4-heptenal compared to the other treatments. The meat of the GS and GSO lambs contained similar amounts of volatile compounds deriving from lipid oxidation (such as heptanal, 2-nonenal, 4-heptenal and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone). These results indicate that in the presence of grape seed extract, oil supplementation did not enhance the production of lipid-derived volatile compounds. Verbenone and 2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone were detected only in the meat of the Cistus-fed lambs, suggesting that these compounds could be markers of feeding Cistus-containing diets. Meat volatile compounds profile allowed to discriminate between the lambs receiving C. ladanifer and those not receiving this bush in the diet.