Velocity Distribution in the Roughness Layer of Rough-Bed Flows

Several models for the vertical distribution of the double-averaged (in time and in the plane parallel to the mean bed) longitudinal velocity in the flow region between roughness troughs and roughness tops are suggested. We found that the same model for velocity distribution may be applicable to a range of flow conditions and roughness types, which share some common features. The suggested models for velocity distribution in the near-bed region are: (1) Constant velocity; (2) exponential velocity distribution; and (3) linear velocity distribution. The measured velocity distributions may be approximated by a single model or by a combination of models depending on roughness geometry and flow conditions. The validity of these models for velocity distribution is supported by laboratory data.     

Comparing open data benchmarks: Which metrics and methodologies determine countries’ positions in the ranking lists?

An understanding of the similar and divergent metrics and methodologies underlying open government data benchmarks can reduce the risks of the potential misinterpretation and misuse of benchmarking outcomes by policymakers, politicians, and researchers. Hence, this study aims to compare the metrics and methodologies used to measure, benchmark, and rank governments' progress in open government data initiatives. Using a critical meta-analysis approach, we compare nine benchmarks with reference to meta-data, meta-methods, and meta-theories. This study finds that both existing open government data benchmarks and academic open data progress models use a great variety of metrics and methodologies, although open data impact is not usually measured. While several benchmarks’ methods have changed over time, and variables measured have been adjusted, we did not identify a similar pattern for academic open data progress models. This study contributes to open data research in three ways: 1) it reveals the strengths and weaknesses of existing open government data benchmarks and academic open data progress models; 2) it reveals that the selected open data benchmarks employ relatively similar measures as the theoretical open data progress models; and 3) it provides an updated overview of the different approaches used to measure open government data initiatives’ progress. Finally, this study offers two practical contributions: 1) it provides the basis for combining the strengths of benchmarks to create more comprehensive approaches for measuring governments’ progress in open data initiatives; and 2) it explains why particular countries are ranked in a certain way. This information is essential for governments and researchers to identify and propose effective measures to improve their open data initiatives.     

同轴探头测量材料电磁参数变频率法的改进

本文针对我们实验室早期提出的用开口同轴探头变频率法同时测量雷达吸波材料的介电常数和磁导率技术^(6,7)在实用中遇到的问题,提出应用线性插值技术来修正电磁参数随频率的变化,使用拟合技术来克服测得反射系数的随机误差对电磁参数提取的影响,建立多频率点上电磁参数的矛盾方程方法来减少参数提取时所产生的伪根等改进技术,从而有效地克服原方法所存在的问题,使之能够用于实际测量。并通过对具体样品的测量证明了改进技术的合理性及有效性。     

Influence of the density of states on the open-circuit voltage in small-molecule solar cells

Open-circuit voltages are strongly dependent on the density-of-states in solar cells based on disordered semiconductors. In this work, organic solar cells based on tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene and fullerene C₇₀ with a bilayer structure were fabricated to investigate the variation in the density-of-states with the substrate temperature during deposition of the donor. The maximum open circuit voltage was reached at a substrate temperature of 60 °C. Organic thin-film transistors were also fabricated to study their electrical properties, such as the mobility and the density-of-states. Finally, an organic solar cell with p–i–n structure was fabricated at the optimized substrate temperature, and a power conversion efficiency of almost 4% was obtained.     

Semi-flex印制板制作工艺研究

使用半固化片(PP)开窗法制作Semi-flex印制电路板时,半固化片开窗的尺寸及品质直接影响压合时树脂向Semi-flex印制板挠性区域的流动情况,进而影响其挠曲性能。本文使用开窗法制作挠性层为L5/L6层的10层Semi-flex印制板,研究了铣刀转速、叠合张数等加工参数对半固化片开窗品质的影响,以及半固化片开窗放大尺寸与压合时刚挠结合处PP溢胶长度的关系。为了验证产品其可靠性,对其进行了漂锡测试、回流焊测试和冷热冲击测试。     

Relationship between HOMO energy level and open circuit voltage of polymer solar cells

A series of π-conjugated polymers (PDHF-BT and PDHF-TBT) with 4-(3,4-ethylenedioxythienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT), 4,7-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (TBT), and 9,9′-dihexylfluorene were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The HOMO energy level of PDHF-BT was −5.47 eV, which was lower than that of PDHF-TBT (−5.22 eV), while the LUMO energy level of PDHF-BT (−3.45 eV) was very similar to that of PDHF-TBT (−3.42 eV). These energy levels of PDHF-BT and PDHF-TBT were also supported by a DFT calculation. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the polymer solar cell (PSC) with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PDHF-BT:PCBM (1:1)/Al was determined as 0.34% and it was larger than that of the device based on PDHF-TBT (0.22%). Correspondingly, the V_oc of the PSC based on PDHF-BT (0.71 V) was much larger than that of the device based on PDHF-TBT (0.40 V). The results support that the V_oc of polymer based PSCs is strongly related to the HOMO energy level of the active polymers.     

一种全新的数字货架及能力开放平台的研究与应用

随着数字化时代用户对内容消费要求越来越高,传统的业务运营方式存在若干问题.咪咕公司立足于运营商优势,并借鉴互联网行业领先模式,创造性的提出了数字货架及能力开放平台.本文通过分析实际业务场景来提炼平台需求视图,开展系统设计,最终搭建完成四个核心能力的锻造和一个定制化工具.     

High open-circuit voltage polymer solar cells based on D–A copolymer of indacenodithiophene and fluorine-substituted benzotriazole

A medium band gap D–A copolymer of indacenodithiophene (IDT) and fluorinated dithienylbenzotriazole (FBTA), PIDT-FBTA, was synthesized for the application as donor material in polymer solar cells (PSCs). PIDT-FBTA showed deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level due to the strong electron-withdrawing difluorine substitution on benzotriazole acceptor unit in the D–A copolymer. The PSCs based on PIDT-FBTA:PC₇₀BM (1:3) exhibited a high V_oc of 0.90 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.62% under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm⁻². The device performance was further improved by methanol treatment with PCE increased to 4.90% and V_oc increased to 0.92 V.     

重型支援桥吊机上摆臂优化设计

应用Inventor建立吊机的虚拟样机模型,利用Hyperworks对吊机上摆臂进行拓扑优化设计,在保证功能性、安全性的基础上使上摆臂明显减重。与试验结果的对比分析表明,优化结果可为吊机的整体优化提供参考。