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121.
The nature and growth of the interaction layers between solid Nb and liquid Al has been studied by carrying out the tests on Nb(s)-Al(l)and Nb(s)-Al(l)-Ni(s) reaction couples isothermally reacted between 700℃and 900℃for different time intervals.It has been found that the interaction layer between Nb and Al contains two parts:a thin continuous layer of NbAl3 adjacent to the Nb surface and a two-phase zone constituted of NbAl3 particles dispersed in an Al matrix.Although the nature and growth of interaction layers follows the sour-stage mechanism,a typical cruciform pattern does not occur in Nb(s)-Al(l) reaction couples.However,a cruciform pattern was observed in Nb(s)-Al(l)-Ni(s)reaction couples.The movement of NbAl3 particles is important to the production of cruciform pattern in the reaction couples. 相似文献
122.
Wenhui MA Gang XIE Hua WANGFaculty of Materials Metallurgical Engineering Kunming University of Science Technology Kunming China Manuscript received January in revised form May 《材料科学技术学报》2002,18(3):286-287
The thermal expansion behavior of La1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-δ (x=0.2-0.4, y=0.1-0.3) perovskites in air has been investigated. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients increased with increasing Sr content up to 40 mole fraction or Co content up to 30 mole fraction. The expansion is generally attributed to an increase in the average cation radius as some of the cations in the perovskite are reduced in valence when oxygen ions are removed from the structure. 相似文献
123.
The reaction between the Sn-Ag-Cu solders and Ni at 250°C for 10 min and 25 h was studied. Nine different Sn-Ag-Cu solders,
with the Ag concentration fixed at 3.9 wt.% and Cu concentrations varied between 0.0–3.0 wt.%, were used. When the reaction
time was 10 min, the reactions strongly depended on the Cu concentration. At low-Cu concentrations (≦0.2 wt.%), only a continuous
(Ni1−xCux)3Sn4 layer formed at the interface. When the Cu concentration increased to 0.4 wt.%, a continuous (Ni1−xCux)3Sn4 layer and a small amount of discontinuous (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 particles formed at the interface. When the Cu concentration increased to 0.5 wt.%, the amount of (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 increased and (Cu1−yNi6)6Sn5 became a continuous layer. Beneath this (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 layer was a very thin but continuous layer of (Ni1−xCux)3Sn4. At higher Cu concentrations (0.6–3.0 wt.%), (Ni1−xCux)3Sn4 disappeared, and only (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 was present. The reactions at 25 h also depended strongly on the Cu concentration, proving that the strong concentration
dependence was not a transient phenomenon limited to a short reaction time. The findings of this study were rationalized using
the Cu-Ni-Sn isotherm. This study shows that precise control over the Cu concentration in solders is needed to produce consistent
results. 相似文献
124.
V. V. Tcherdyntsev S. D. Kaloshkin A. I. Salimon E. A. Leonova I. A. Tomilin J. Eckert F. Schurack V. D. Rogozin S. P. Pisarev Yu. P. Trykov 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2002,17(6):825-841
Al-Cu-Fe alloys were prepared from elemental powders in a high-energy planetary ball mill. A sequence of solid state reactions resulting in quasicrystal (QC) phase formation takes place during heating of the as-milled powder. These reactions were studied by both differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction methods. Mechanically alloyed powders were consolidated by cold and hot pressing, as well as by explosive compaction. After annealing at sufficiently high temperatures, the consolidated samples are single-phase QC, except the ones consolidated by explosion. The high reactivity of the as-milled alloys causes the appearance of high porosity of the consolidated samples after the annealing. 相似文献
125.
《Petroleum Science and Technology》2007,25(10):1293-1304
Aromatic hydrogenation is one of the important classes of hydrotreating reactions and its thermodynamics play a significant role in achieving the product specifications. This article comprehensively reviews the available experimental thermodynamic data as well as the methods to estimate the data for aromatic hydrogenation. The data indicate that aromatic hydrogenation reactions are thermodynamically more favorable at about 200°C-250°C and moderate pressures (3-5 MPa). Industrially, however, these reactions are carried out at 300°C-375°C to have reasonable kinetics. Hence there is a need for highly active catalysts, which can facilitate significant kinetics of hydrotreating reactions at around 200°C-250°C. 相似文献
126.
为了解在惰气环境Pu(OH)4(am)与碳酸盐溶液中HCO-3,CO2-3的配位行为,考察了放置时间对Pu总浓度的影响;同时也考察了pH值、碳酸根总浓度变化对碳酸盐溶液中Pu的主要存在形态及溶解总浓度的影响。实验结果表明,HCO-3离子与Pu(OH)4(am)生成[Pu(OH)4(HCO3)2]2-(lg K=-2.61±0.18, lgβ=54.25±0.18)或[Pu(OH)2(CO3)2]2-(lgK=-2.61±0.18, lgβ=46.91±0.18);CO2-3离子与Pu(OH)4(am)生成[Pu(OH)4(CO3)2]4-(lgK=-3.52±0.11, lgβ=53.33±0.11)。可能的配位反应方程式为: Pu(OH)4(am)+2HCO-3 = [Pu(OH)4(HCO3)2]2-, Pu(OH)4(am)+2HCO-3 =[Pu(OH)2(CO3)2]2-+2H2O, Pu(OH)4(am)+2CO2-3=[Pu(OH)4(CO3)2]4-。 相似文献
127.
Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks in the presence of exposed terminals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper evaluates the performance effects of exposed terminals in IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks in finite load conditions. It derives analytical models for the estimation of channel utilization and media access delay for IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks in finite load conditions with and without exposed terminals. The simulation results show that the analytical estimated channel utilization and media access delay metrics are fairly accurate. 相似文献
128.
In the late eighties and up to the beginning of nineties computation of turbulent flows is mostly dominated by RANS (Reynolds
Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation) type modelling. During the last few years URANS (Unsteady RANS) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation)
type of approaches have been attempted with some success. Yet, there have been many difficulties when LES is applied to practical
engineering problems and to high Reynolds number flows as energy dissipating eddies become really small and mesh resolution
required for a reasonably resolved LES approaches that of DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation). An alternative solution suggested
was to combine RANS and LES, which in general referred to as Hybrid LES. There have been many proposals for combining RANS
and LES in different ways. In this article, some of the issues involved in performing hybrid LES reported in the recent literature
is briefly reviewed. 相似文献
129.
130.
Review of Arthur R. Jensen (2006)--Clocking the mind: Mental chronometry and individual differences.
Reviews the book Clocking the Mind: Mental chronometry and individual differences by Arthur Jensen (see record 2006-20276-000). Mental chronometry, as Arthur Jensen stresses, is the study of reaction time (RT) in its various guises, contexts, and applications. As with respect to much of experimental psychology (cognitive and other), there is a venerable past here lying in the background, providing a wide-ranging context in which to embed our current (that is, our 40-odd year) preoccupation with RT as a primary dependent measure in cognitive psychology. This recent book, Clocking the Mind: Mental Chronometry and Individual Differences (published by Elsevier), weds both differential psychology's concern with the measurement of individual differences in RT (e.g., Austin, Deary, Gibson, McGregor, & Dent, 1998) and experimental psychology's concern with "the effects of manipulating various external conditions on variation in the measurements of RT" (p. 1). The reader of this journal will most probably be more familiar with the latter use of RT in the literature, especially when embedded within such familiar experimental tasks as those tapping both Garner and Stroop effects (Pansky & Algom, 1999). The book should be perused with care in order to ensure the further profitable use of RT in both experimental and differential lines of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献