Bootstrap based tests for generalized negative binomial distribution

Goodness of fit test statistics based on the empirical distribution function (EDF) are considered for the generalized negative binomial distribution. The small sample levels of the tests are found to be very close to the nominal significance levels. For small sample sizes, the tests are compared with respect to their simulated power of detecting some alternative hypotheses against a null hypothesis of generalized negative binomial distribution. The discrete Anderson—Darling test is the most powerful among the EDF tests. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the application of the goodness of fit tests. The support received from the Research Professorship Program at Central Michigan University under the grant #22159 is gratefully acknowledged.     

工业控制以太网协议实现研究

基于以太网的工业控制网络是工业控制系统的发展趋势。研究高速以太网的关键技术,其中包括解决以太网通信的实时性、可互操作性、可靠性、抗干扰性和本质安全等问题,同时研究开发相关高速以太网技术的现场设备、网络化控制系统和系统软件等是目前工业控制理论界的一项重要任务。通过分析工业控制以太网的工作原理和相关的性能指标及目前常用的工业控制以太网协议实现细节得出以下结论：尽管各种工业以太网技术可能会像现场总线国际之争那样,出现多协议并存局面,但以太网协议的相融统一是工业控制以太网发展的必然趋势。     

MOD09A1数据产品中缺失条带的插补方法

MODIS地表反射率产品(MOD09A1)是MODIS系列化数据产品中一项重要而基础性的产品。在实际应用中发现该数据产品中仍然继承了原始数据固有的条带缺失问题,且随着数据投影转换,缺失数据在表现为条带状的同时,表现出新的分布特点,以往的插补方法不再适用。利用MOD09A1数据集中描述MODIS数据获取和处理质量的QC数据逐一确定单个缺失像元的准确位置,采用其8邻域内的非缺失像元均值对缺失像元进行插补,在对非条带信息不产生影响的前提下实现了MOD09A1缺失条带的去除,从而确保了该产品数据的质量。选用不同年份不同天数的3景数据进行处理,并将模拟的条带缺失数据采用本文方法处理的结果与真实数据比较,以及将同一条带缺失数据采用不同方法处理的结果比较,结果显示本文方法对于MOD09A1数据条带去除优于以往的方法,并具有普适性和可靠性。
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The Metropolis as Integral Substance

l'AUC Architects and Urbanists (François Decoster, Caroline Poulin and Djamel Klouche) advocate an approach to typological urbanism that they refer to as ‘urbanism of substance’. Here they describe three projects for Paris in which they have developed this strategy for maximising the intensity between local, metropolitan and global conditions.     

Adaptive Comfort Degree-Days: A metric to compare adaptive comfort standards and estimate changes in energy consumption for future UK climates

This paper introduces the concept of the Adaptive Comfort Degree-Day, a temperature difference/time composite metric, as a means of comparing energy savings from Adaptive Comfort Model standards by quantifying the extent to which the temperature limits of the thermal comfort zone of the Predicted Mean Vote Model can be broadened. The Adaptive Comfort Degree-Day has been applied to a series of climates projected for different locations (Edinburgh, Manchester and London) under different emissions scenarios in the United Kingdom for the 2020s, 2030s, 2050s and 2080s. The rate at which energy savings can be achieved by the European adaptive standard EN15251 (Category II) was compared with the ASHRAE 55 adaptive standard (80% acceptability) during the cooling season. Results indicate that the wider applicability of the European standard means that it can realise levels of energy savings which its counterpart ASHRAE adaptive standard would not achieve for decades.     

Assessing the risk of climate change for buildings: A comparison between multi-year and probabilistic reference year simulations

Given a changing climate, there is a need to provide data for future years so that practicing engineers can investigate the impact of climate change on particular designs and examine any risk the client might be exposed to. In addition, such files are of use to building scientists in developing generic solutions to problems such as elevated internal temperatures and poor thermal comfort. With the release of the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) [1], and the publication of a methodology for the creation of probabilistic future reference years using the UKCP09 weather generator [2], it is possible to model future building performance. However, the collapse of the distribution of possibilities inherent in the UKCP09 method into a single reference year or a small number of reference years, potentially means the loss of most of the information about the potential range of the response of the building and of the risk occupants might be subject to. In this paper we model for the first time the internal conditions and energy use of a building with all 3000 example years produced by the UKCP09 weather generator in an attempt to study the full range of response and risk. The resultant histograms and cumulative distribution functions are then used to examine whether single reference years can be used to answer questions about response and risk under a changing climate, or whether a more probabilistic approach is unavoidable.     

Liquid metal corrosion/erosion investigations of structure materials in lead cooled systems: Part 1

In future lead cooled nuclear power systems the heavy liquid-metal pump will be placed in the hot temperature region of the reactor. This combines corrosion problematic at elevated temperatures with erosion at the impeller of the pump. Several steels designed for conventional mechanical high loaded pumps and the SiSiC have been tested in oxygen containing stagnant lead (10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁸ wt%) at 550 and 600 °C for 2000 and 4000 h in the COSTA-facilities. Only SiSiC shows no influence by the liquid metal. No dissolution attack occurs at cast iron steels but inner oxidation takes place. NORILOY shows no dissolution attack. All other steels are attacked by liquid lead at one of the conditions. To evaluate the erosion-corrosion attack a new test facility allowing velocities of the lead of up to 20 m/s was designed and constructed. With a CFD-code the behaviour and flow velocity of the lead are simulated.     

高密存储介质磁性纳米颗粒薄膜与纳米超晶格结构研究进展(英文)

钴基合金和铁基合金磁性纳米颗粒薄膜和纳米超晶格结构,由于具有较高的矫顽力和各向异性能,较小的粒子尺寸分布和能形成“单域”结构等特性,从而成为颇有潜力的高密存储介质。最近几年,人们竞相研究其制备方法,其中主要包括真空淀积法、液相化学合成法和离子注入法等,采用各种措施来提高存储介质的热稳定性和其他磁学性能,并取得巨大进展。     

Assessing Time‐Reversibility Under Minimal Assumptions

Abstract. This article considers a simple procedure for assessing whether a weakly dependent univariate stochastic process is time‐reversible. Our approach is based on a simple index of the deviation from zero of the median of the one‐dimensional marginal law of differenced data. An attractive feature of the method is that it requires no moment assumptions. Instead of relying on Gaussian asymptotic approximations, we consider using subsampling and resampling methods to construct confidence intervals for the time‐reversibility parameter, and show that such inference procedures are asymptotically valid under a mild mixing condition. The small‐sample properties of the proposed procedures are examined by means of Monte Carlo experiments and an application to real‐world data is also presented.