敏化处理对Z3CN20-09M不锈钢高温水应力腐蚀的影响

为了研究敏化处理对Z3CN20-09M不锈钢高温水应力腐蚀行为的影响,使用敏化处理的Z3CN20-09M不锈钢制成U弯试样,并置于250、290及320℃的高温水中进行应力腐蚀开裂实验,采用扫描电镜观察了高温水实验后试样的氧化膜厚度以及应力腐蚀裂纹的萌生及扩展行为.结果表明:敏化处理增加了氧化膜的厚度,降低了耐蚀能力,使SCC敏感性增大;温度较高时,敏化处理的影响较大;铁素体相容易被侵蚀,大多数点蚀坑产生于铁素体中;SCC裂纹优先在点蚀坑底部和奥氏体/铁素体相界位置处形成;相界面对SCC裂纹的影响取决于SCC裂纹相对于相界面的取向,SCC裂纹扩展方向平行于相界面时裂纹易沿着相界扩展,SCC裂纹扩展垂直于相界面方向时相界面对裂纹扩展起阻碍作用.     

不同焊接方法对09CuPCrNi薄板搭接接头组织和性能的影响

采用电阻点焊、胶接点焊和塞焊三种焊接方法,对3mm+3mm 09CuPCrNi钢搭接接头的组织和力学性能进行对比研究。结果表明:三种焊接方法下焊接接头的剪切拉伸性能均满足标准,其中塞焊时接头剪切拉伸性能较好;电阻点焊和胶接点焊接头各区域硬度相近且高于塞焊下接头各区域硬度;塞焊接头的组织与电阻点焊和胶接点焊接头组织有所不同;点焊及胶接点焊焊接接头的熔透率均满足相关标准。     

An early warning criterion for the prediction of snowmelt-induced soil slope failures in seasonally cold regions

In Hokkaido, Japan, soil slope failures occur frequently during the snow melting season. These slope failures are triggered by the excess amount of water derived from snowmelt and rainfall. For the prediction of snowmelt-induced soil slope failures in seasonally cold regions, an early warning criterion is required. The existing Japanese early warning criteria for sediment disasters, i.e., the relationship between the 60-min cumulative rainfall and the Soil Water Index (SWI), the effective rainfall index etc., consider the influence of rainfall and the time-dependent random moisture of the soil. However, these criteria do not consider the soil moisture contributed by the snowmelt water. In this study, therefore, the applicability of the existing early warning criteria to predict snowmelt-induced soil slope failures is examined. An empirical method to quantify the amount of snowmelt water is presented. Various scenarios of conceptual soil slope failures are studied using numerical simulations under different magnitudes of rainfall and snowmelt water. As a result, a revision is introduced for the SWI and the effective rainfall index, adding the amount of snowmelt water to that of rainfall, and slope failure scenarios are studied. Based on the results, a new early warning criterion, the Effective Precipitation (EP) index, is introduced. It is found that the new failure criterion performs well for the prediction of snowmelt-induced soil slope failures.     

09MnNiDR钢焊接临界粗晶区冲击脆断行为及焊后热处理工艺

用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机模拟了09MnNiDR低温压力容器钢焊接临界粗晶区(intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone),并对其进行了焊后热处理(post-welding heat treatment)工艺研究。采用力学性能检测及结构表征方法研究了热处理前后焊接临界粗晶区的力学性能及影响机制。试验分析表明,尺寸较大的MA岛(martensite-austenite island)是材料受力时裂纹的启裂源,是引起试验钢焊接临界粗晶区冲击韧性较差的主要原因。经过焊后热处理,临界粗晶区的冲击韧性明显改善,并且热处理温度工艺窗口(560~640℃)较宽。热处理后M-A岛的分解、碳化物的球化及大角度晶界对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用是韧性提高的主要原因。     

Evaluating the effects of climate change on the water resources for the city of Birmingham,UK

Climate change is expected to affect precipitation patterns and may therefore impact upon water resource availability. The city of Birmingham in central England receives its public water supply from a catchment in the Elan Valley, mid‐Wales. Baseline and future climate projections generated from a stochastic weather generator within the United Kingdom Climate Projections 2009 and a daily soil water balance model (WaSim) were used to determine the potential impacts of climate change on hydrologically effective rainfall (HER). Annual HER is likely to decrease from baseline conditions (> 90% likelihood that HER will be reduced), with more frequent and persistent very dry spells and increasing seasonality. It is concluded that climate change will put additional stress on water resources for the city of Birmingham so that, coupled with expected increases in demand, adaptation measures to increase supply and/or reduce demand are likely to be needed.     

厚板09MnNiDR钢焊接工艺试验

简要介绍了国产低合金钢09MnNiDR的特点,并对其焊接性进行了分析。针对陕西西宇无损检测有限公司承接的某低温球罐的焊接技术要求,对56 mm厚板09MnNiDR钢进行了焊接工艺评定,通过焊接工艺试验确定本次低温球罐的焊接工艺参数。结果表明,用W707DRQ焊条进行焊条电弧焊,焊缝的各项指标均满足设计要求,－70 ℃低温冲击韧性已超过规定值,且有较大的富裕量。     

09CuPCrNi耐候钢干湿交替加速腐蚀的锈层结构与形成机理

对09CuPCrNi耐候钢干湿交替加速腐蚀后的锈层进行观察与分析,探讨了锈层的形成机理。结果表明,09CuPCrNi钢干湿交替加速腐蚀的锈层包括紧贴基体的致密内锈层和疏松的外锈层两部分。随着腐蚀周期的增加,内锈层增厚,而且更为致密。通过对比锈层中各物相的含量分析,发现γ-Fe2O3在内锈层中的含量高于外锈层,这是内锈层比外锈层更加致密的原因。同时,内锈层中Cu、P、Cr等元素明显富集,可使其更容易形成相对稳定的γ-Fe2O3相。     

热处理工艺对低温压力容器用钢组织性能的影响

对低温压力容器用09MnNiDR钢板热轧、正火和回火后组织进行观察,分析热处理工艺对该钢组织的影响规律.结果表明,正火后钢板晶粒明显细化,沿厚度方向均得到铁素体+片层珠光体组织,珠光体分布更均匀;回火后大部分片层状珠光体组织消失,渗碳体由片层状变为球形,且组织中大量弥散的纳米级微合金粒子的析出导致部分铁素体晶粒内部位错密度仍较高.最终回火态钢板力学性能的检测结果表明,实验所得回火态钢板综合性能良好.     

青海某复杂铜铅锌多金属矿石选矿工艺研究

针对青海某铜铅锌多金属硫化矿石易浮难分、有用矿物嵌布粒度极不均匀的特点,采用铜、铅、锌依次优先浮选工艺流程及特别研制的新型捕收剂YK1-11和新型抑制剂YK3-09对其进行选矿试验,并在选铅时采取反浮精选措施,获得了铜品位和铜回收率分别为18.02%和57.50%的铜精矿、铅品位和铅回收率分别为51.43%和33.20%的铅精矿、锌品位和锌回收率分别为45.83%和48.95%的锌精矿以及Pb+Zn品位为69.99%,铅、锌回收率分别为42.56%和34.05%铅锌混合精矿,并使矿石中的伴生银得到了有效富集,为合理开发利用该矿石提供了依据。     

7A09铝合金管材阳极化后表面出现"黑条"的原因

7A09铝合金管材经切削加工和阳极氧化后少数工件表面有“黑条”,影响用户使用。对“黑条”处进行宏观组织和显微组织观察及分析研究认为:“黑条”是由于管材的毛坯管锭表面的偏析瘤未车削净,而挤入管材内形成化合物富集区,化合物富集区在阳极氧化时优先反应而形成的。