新型湿式电除雾(尘)器在烟气脱硫脱硝深度净化中的应用

介绍了NWESP的研制、技术创新及在脱硫脱硝深度净化中的应用。为确保装置在高气速下高效稳定运行,设计采用了电晕极线双向固定框架、蜂窝状排列导电玻璃钢阳极管和改良型高效芒刺电晕极线,引入了连续冲洗雾粒凝并技术,并改进了绝缘保护系统。实际运行情况表明效果良好。     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts alleviate oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle of low‐dose streptozotocin‐ and high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic rats

Although ER stress in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue was reported to be a novel event linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is much less information on this event in skeletal muscle. Some studies indicated that treatment with antioxidants had beneficial effects on ER stress and diabetes. This study focuses on the effects of a strong antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), on skeletal muscle in diabetic rats induced with low dose streptozotocin‐ and a high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet. After 16 wk of GSPE treatment, diabetic rats showed decreased plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance. The efficacious effect of GSPE was manifested by the amelioration of muscular damage and dysfunction, as observed by histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining. Concurrently, calcium overload and the abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPases in diabetic muscles were partially reversed by GSPE treatment. GSPE also increased the activity of protein kinase B (a mediator of insulin's metabolic action) and partially alleviated severe ER stress. These findings suggest that GSPE may have auxiliary therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle.     

Taurine protects murine hepatocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by tert-butyl hydroperoxide via PI3K/Akt and mitochondrial-dependent pathways

The present study aims to investigate the beneficial role of taurine in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and cell death using murine hepatocytes as the working model. TBHP caused a time-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase leakage, extensive ROS formation and alteration in antioxidant machineries. Moreover, TBHP upregulated NF-κB phosphorylation, caused injury to cellular mitochondria by reciprocal regulation of Bcl2 family proteins; incapacitated cellular respiration, accelerated cytochrome c release from mitochondria and induced apoptotic death in hepatocytes. Taurine treatment prevented TBHP-induced oxidative insult and decreased the activation of NF-κB as well as apoptotic signalling pathways. Signal transduction studies with specific inhibitors PS1145 (IκB inhibitor) and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) showed that the mechanism of the protective action of taurine involves the upregulation of Akt and inhibition of NF-κB. Combining, our result suggest that taurine supplementation in regular diet may provide a potential therapeutic choice against TBHP-induced hepatic oxidative injury.     

脆梅加工中脱硫工艺的研究

脆梅是我国独具特色的青梅加工品之一。文中研究了水温、真空动态处理、超声波处理在脆梅加工脱硫工艺中的应用效果。研究发现,经过0.092MPa、55℃真空动态处理2.5h后,超声波(80kHz、160W)55℃处理2.5h,再进行清水浸泡脱硫,3d即可将脆梅半成品中SO2残留量控制在0.05g/kg以内,达到国标要求,比传统脱硫工艺缩短了一半的时间。     

The efficacy of protective effects of tannic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and propyl gallate against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damages in IMR-90 cells

There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intimately involved in the oxidative damage of tissues for a wide variety of pulmonary diseases. Thus, it is desirable to search for chemopreventive agents that can counteract ROS-mediated injury to the pulmonary tissues. Using a human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells as the experimental model, we first demonstrated that nearly 90% of intracellular ROS could be removed when H(2)O(2)-treated cells (200 microM) simultaneously incubated with 10 microg/mL of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and propyl gallate (PA). Using C(11)-BODIPY(581/591 )as a lipid peroxidation probe, we also attested that all these compounds examined (10 microg/mL) could alleviate H(2)O(2)-evoked lipid peroxidation phenomena. Next, we examined the protective effects of these compounds on the depletion of intracellular glutathione (iGSH) in H(2)O(2)-treated cells using CMF-DA probe. Interestingly, PA was demonstrated to be the only compound that could effectively protect the integrity of iGSH from being depleted by this system. Finally, the protective effects of these compounds against oxidative DNA damage were evaluated using 8-oxoguanine formation as a marker. Our data indicated that all four compounds suppressed the formation of 8-oxoguanine effectively. Taken together, our data suggested that TA, GA, EA, and PA can protect cells from oxidative stress.     

Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in STZ-diabetic rats

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides treatment on blood glucose, serum insulin level, lipid peroxidation, nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidants in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was studied. Adult male rats of Wistar strain, weighing 195 to 250 g, were randomized into control and experimental groups. Experiment group rats were induced diabetes by administration of STZ (45 mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitoneally. The diabetic rats were treated with G. lucidum polysaccharides (60, 120, 180 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for 30 days. The normal control rats were treated with 15% DMSO for 30 days. Streptozotocin treatment elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes), and reduced nonenzymic antioxidants (vitamin C and reduced glutathione, vitamin E) levels, and enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities in the plasma and liver of untreated diabetic control rats. Decreased level of serum insulin and increased level of blood glucose (BG) were observed in the plasma of untreated diabetic control rats. G. lucidum polysaccharides treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidants, serum insulin level and reduced lipid peroxidation, blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats. From the present study, it can be concluded that G. lucidum polysaccharides can be considered as a potent antioxidant.     

柴油脱硫技术的研究进展

对目前清洁燃料油的生产技术进行了概述.随着世界清洁柴油中含硫标准的提高,降低柴油中硫含量已成为全球性关注的问题.近几年,出现了许多新的脱硫技术,其中柴油非加氢脱硫技术的研究进展较快.介绍了氧化脱硫和非氧化脱硫技术的理论基础,重点概述了这方面取得的最新成果,并从清洁生产的角度出发,对柴油脱琉技术的发展进行了辰望.     

烟气水蒸汽含量对变温吸附烟气脱硫过程的影响

通过动态吸附实验,考察了水蒸汽含量对SO2在脱硫脱硝活性炭上变温吸附过程的影响,分析了其含量0~0.20(摩尔比或体积比,下同)条件下的吸附规律,并基于吸附模型对实验数据进行了讨论. 对Bangham吸附模型进行改进以包含水蒸汽的影响,并应用该模型进行了预测,在不同水蒸汽含量时,模型的模拟值与实验值吻合较好. 结果表明,在所研究的体系和条件范围内,烟气中的水蒸汽增大了脱硫率、SO2吸附量、平衡吸附量和吸附速率,其含量在0.07~0.10范围内效果较优,此时最大SO2平衡吸附量为73.00 mg/g.     

煤粉磁选脱硫技术的研究现状与展望

阐述了煤炭磁选脱硫技术的基本原理及研究现状,对煤系黄铁矿磁性强化技术进行了详细评述,指出发展有中国特色的煤炭燃前脱硫技术,应优先考虑干法磁选脱硫技术。     

火电厂大气污染物排放新标准实施后电站脱硫技术与市场分析

2004年1月1日起实施的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GBl3223—2003)与旧排放标准(GBl3223—1996)相比在适用范围、时段划分、执行标准等方面有较大调整。阐述了新旧标准的有关区别,并根据新标准要求对采用的技术路线及电站脱硫市场情况进行了分析。