球磨处理对3种淀粉特性的影响

以木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、籼米淀粉为材料,调节水分含量为6%左右,采用行星式球磨机对淀粉进行球磨处理,研究球磨处理对淀粉理化性质的影响。结果表明:随着球磨时间的增加,淀粉颗粒逐渐破碎,淀粉粒度逐渐减小;3种淀粉的还原力、冷水溶解度、透明度均逐渐增加,淀粉的表观黏度、结晶度逐渐减小。在同样的球磨时间下,3种淀粉的冷水溶解度、透明度、表观黏度存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在75h以前,玉米淀粉和籼米淀粉的还原力无显著性差异,100h时,玉米淀粉和籼米淀粉的还原力存在显著性差异(P<0.05);其中,球磨处理对籼米淀粉的各项理化指标影响最大。     

小麦A、B型淀粉分离提取方法研究

该研究对小麦A、B型淀粉分离提取方法进行探讨,结果表明,采用水柱沉淀离心法,在淀粉浆浓度0.1 g/mL、离心速度200 r/min、静置时间40 min和静置次数3次条件下,可快速、有效分离A、B型淀粉;A、B型淀粉得率分别为74.2%和23.7%,淀粉损失2.1%。经显微照相显示,此条件下A、B型淀粉分离彻底。     

蔗糖和海藻糖对糯米淀粉黏滞性和热特性的影响

为研究糖种类和糖添加量对糯米淀粉黏滞性和热特性的影响,利用快速黏度分析仪和差示扫描量热仪测定添加不同浓度蔗糖和海藻糖的糯米淀粉的黏度、糊化温度及热焓值的变化。结果表明：2种糖均能使淀粉的糊化温度升高,且蔗糖提高淀粉糊化温度的能力略高于海藻糖。随着蔗糖和海藻糖添加量的增加,淀粉峰值黏度和最终黏度均增加,淀粉糊的热稳定性增强。糖质量分数小于6％时,淀粉热焓值随着糖添加量的增加而增加,糖质量分数大于6％时,随着糖添加量的增加,淀粉热焓值有下降趋势,且蔗糖对淀粉热焓值的影响要明显高于海藻糖。     

山西省不同品种谷子淀粉理化性质的比较

以山西省13种不同谷子品种作为供试材料,采用酶法制备淀粉,对其溶解度、膨胀度、透光率、冻融稳定性、凝沉性、热特性及结晶结构进行研究,比较其差异性。结果表明:13种谷子淀粉的溶解度及膨胀度范围分别为10.79%~19.11%,25.11%~42.91%,其中2-T9膨胀度最大,2-T3的溶解度最大,品种之间存在显著性差异;透光率为6.278%~19.39%,析水率为7.08%~60.73%,黄谷的透光率和析水率都是最高;凝沉性试验同样表明黄谷的稳定性显著优于其他品种;采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定谷子淀粉的热特性,糊化起始温度、峰值温度、最终温度和相变热焓分别为52.78~70.95℃,71.12~79.26℃,80.42~88.48℃,9.83~11.87J/g,这些特性品种间差异显著;X-射线衍射分析表明13种谷子淀粉的结晶结构属于A型。     

热烫温度对小麦面团介观特性的影响机制

本实验以热烫面团为研究对象,通过凯氏定氮法、粒径分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及快速黏度分析等手段,研究55、65、75、85℃和95℃热烫温度下小麦面团中麦谷蛋白大聚体的质量分数、粒径分布、蛋白质二级结构以及面团中淀粉的糊化特性的变化情况.结果表明:随着热烫温度的升高,面团中麦谷蛋白大聚体质量分数呈现显著增大的趋势(P<...     

Highly fermentable starch at different diet starch concentrations decreased feed intake and milk yield of cows in the early postpartum period

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet starch concentration and fermentability (SF) fed during the early postpartum (PP) period on dry matter intake (DMI), yields of milk and milk components, body reserves, and metabolism. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment diets were formulated to 22% (LS) or 28% (HS) starch with dry ground corn (DGC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) as the primary starch source. Treatments were fed from 1 to 23 d PP and cows were switched to a common diet until 72 d PP to measure carryover (CO) effects. Treatment period (TP) diets were formulated for 22% forage neutral detergent fiber and 17% crude protein, and starch concentration was adjusted by substitution of corn grain for soyhulls. Throughout the experiment DMI and milk yield were measured daily, and milk components, body condition score (BCS), and body weight were measured weekly. Blood was collected weekly during the TP and every second week during the CO period. During the TP, HMC decreased DMI more when included in the HS (3.9 kg/d) than in the LS (0.9 kg/d) diets and HMC decreased yields of milk, fat, and FCM by 4.3, 0.19, and 4.8 kg/d, respectively. Treatments also interacted over time to decrease DMI and yields of milk and milk components more for HMC compared with DGC as time progressed during the TP. Loss of BCS was increased when HMC was fed in a HS diet (?0.38 vs. ?0.17) and decreased when included in a LS diet (?0.21 vs. ?0.29) with no effects on body weight change during the TP. Treatments interacted with time to affect plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin with HS increasing concentrations early in the TP compared with LS but with similar effects by the end of the TP. During the CO period, treatment effects on DMI diminished over time with no main effects of treatment for the entire period. Starch concentration and SF interacted to affect yields of milk, fat, and FCM during the CO period, which were greater for HS-DGC and LS-HMC (54.8 and 52.8, 1.76 and 1.81, and 51.3 and 52.2 kg/d, respectively) than for LS-DGC and HS-HMC (51.2 and 51.0, 1.68 and 1.64, and 48.4 and 48.6 kg/d, respectively). Treatments did not affect BCS change during the CO period but HS lost body weight compared with LS (?5.7 vs. 7.0 kg). Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by treatments during the CO period. Feeding a highly fermentable starch source during the early PP period decreased DMI and yields of milk and milk components compared with a less fermentable starch source and the depression in DMI was greater when fed in the higher starch diet. However, diet starch concentration had no effects on yield of milk or milk components.     

Preparation of rice analogues using extrusion technology

Rice is considered as staple food in many parts of the world. An issue of concern is the breakage of rice kernels in milling processes, and these broken kernels are not generally accepted by consumers. These broken kernels can be mixed with some desired additives to improve their quality and extruded for the preparation of reconstituted rice kernels or rice analogues. Various studies have been conducted for the preparation of the rice analogues in the past few decades, and recently attempts have been made to fortify these analogues with protein, certain vitamins and minerals. The main features such as colour, shape, size, texture, and cooking characteristics and cooking time of these rice‐like grains can be tailored to the requirements of specific applications by modification of the extrusion parameters. Various organisations, such as Wuxi NutriRice Co. (DSM/Buhler) and China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corporate (COFCO), Superlative Snacks Inc., Vigui and PATH, have utilised this technique to prepare fortified and reconstituted rice. Studies have shown that it is possible to improve the nutritional quality of rice by fortified rice analogues. This article reviews research results of the many approaches to the formation of fortified rice analogues by extrusion‐based technologies.     

Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Bambara Groundnut Starch Films Modified with Stearic Acid

The physicochemical and mechanical properties of biofilm prepared from bambara starch modified with varying concentrations of stearic acid (0%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) were studied. By scanning electron microscopy, bambara starch films modified with stearic acid (≥3.5%) showed a progressively rough surface compared to those with 2.5% stearic acid and the control. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed a peak shift of approximately 31 cm^?1, suggesting the promotion of hydrogen bond formation between hydroxyl groups of starch and stearic acid. The addition of 2.5% stearic acid to bambara starch film reduced water vapor permeability by approximately 17%. Bambara starch films modified with higher concentration of stearic acid were more opaque and showed significantly high melting temperatures. However, mechanical properties of starch films were generally negatively affected by stearic acid. Bambara starch film may be modified with 2.5% stearic acid for improved water vapor permeability and thermal stability with minimal effect on tensile strength.     

普鲁兰酶协同α-葡萄糖苷酶降低青稞快消化淀粉含量酶解工艺优化

以青稞粉为原料,通过普鲁兰酶协同α-葡萄糖苷酶降低青稞快消化淀粉（RDS）含量。通过单因素试验和响应面试验确定降低青稞快消化淀粉含量的最优酶解工艺条件,并测定α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率评价其体外降糖活性。结果表明,最佳酶解工艺条件为：普鲁兰酶添加量200 U/g、α-葡萄糖苷酶添加量80 U/g、料液比1∶15(g∶mL)、酶解时间3 h、酶解温度55℃。在此优化条件下,青稞粉快消化淀粉含量为54.95%,比未处理过的青稞快消化淀粉含量降低了20.22%。体外降糖活性测定结果表明,与原粉相比,酶解粉的α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别增加了68.1%和50.4%,表明经过双酶协同酶解后,青稞淀粉的体外降血糖活性明显提高。