Elevated temperature impact on performance of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic dielectrics

The need for electronics to operate at temperatures of 200°C and above continues to grow. These applications include avionics, aerospace, automotive, downhole drilling, mining, and many others. To satisfy this demand, a significant amount of research and development has been conducted. Despite the efforts, the number of new electronic components designed specifically for high-temperature operation is still relatively limited. In Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) packages, LTCC materials are generally used as the host media for a number of pre-fabricated semiconductor components. As a result, reliability of the entire LTCC package largely depends on the performance of the least robust component. Ferro A6M-E and Ferro L8 are the two well-established and recognized LTCC dielectrics widely used for mid and high frequency LTCC applications, including several high reliability aerospace and defense applications that require demanding Mil-Spec qualifications. This study is our first attempt to characterize and understand basic high-temperature dielectric properties of these two commercial LTCC materials. The secondary objective is to initiate a dialogue in attempt to establish reliability requirements for LTCC packages dedicated for high-temperature operation.     

工艺参数对尼龙6选择性激光烧结制件致密度的影响

针对高性能聚合物尼龙6材料的选择性激光烧结(SLS)工艺,研究了不同激光功率与扫描速度对成型件致密度的影响并进行了工艺优化。实验中激光功率10~50 W,扫描速度1 000~5 000 mm/s,其他工艺参数保持恒定。引入能量密度对激光功率与扫描速度的综合作用进行研究。结果表明:随着激光功率的增加或扫描速度的增大,制件的致密度呈现先增大后减小的趋势;随着能量密度的增加,制件的致密度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在不同工艺参数下,获得制件的最大致密度为86.74%,此时激光功率为30 W,扫描速度为2 000mm/s,能量密度为0.043 J/mm^2。选定致密度为衡量指标,通过响应面回归分析模型建立了激光功率、扫描速度与致密度的优选工艺图谱,得到最优的工艺参数为激光功率45 W,扫描速度3 465 mm/s,此时预测的制件致密度为88.971%。     

Review on nano-and microfiller-based polyamide 6 hybrid composite: Effect on mechanical properties and morphology

Polyamide 6 (PA6)-based composites are of evolving interest due to its high strength, wear resistance, and barrier properties. The use of binary composites mostly with nanomaterial and glass fibers has been reviewed and presented in literature. However to obtain a balance of properties like stiffness, toughness, and strength along with cost reduction, ternary composites of PA6 have been designed. To achieve the balance, PA6 blend-based composites, with combination of microfiller/nanofiller or PA6 with combination micro-microfiller, PA6 with microfiller/nanofiller and fiber have been designed. The properties of PA6-based ternary hybrid composites depend on type of dispersed phase used, presence of compatibilizer, type of filler used (nanofiller or microfiller or fiber or hybrid) and combination of fillers used. However, a review in this direction is not available in literature. Here, in this study, an overall understanding of various fillers, dispersed phase, and their combinations can be understood along with the discussion on effect of these on tensile properties and morphology of hybrid composite. In this study, an attempt has been made to review the various fillers and dispersed phase and their combinations which have been used in designing the PA6 hybrid composite with good balance of stiffness, toughness, and strength.     

New observations on wear characteristics of solid Al2O3/Si3N4 ceramic tool in high speed milling of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies applied to the titanium alloys have attracted attention from industries in recent years. Despite one of the main goals of AM is the reduction of manufacturing steps, semi-finish/finish machining operations are still required so as to obtain the desired geometrical tolerance and surface features. In this study, the solid end mill was manufactured by Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ (Sialon) ceramic materials and employed in high-speed slot milling of Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) AM technology to study the tool wear characteristics during processing. The Raman spectroscopic method was employed to characterize the molecular structures of Sialon ceramics for the manufacturing of the cutting tool. The morphologies and elemental maps of wear region of the ceramic tool were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The results show that the adhesion wear and diffusion wear are the dominant wear mechanisms, and the chemical stability of Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ (Sialon) ceramics fabricated as the solid ceramic tool to the attack of the atoms from additive manufactured Ti6Al4V is relatively weak under the atmosphere. The difference of thermal expansion coefficients of diffusion layer and tool substrate accelerates the initiation and propagation of thermal cracks formed on the diffusion interface. Moreover, fracturing and crater-like groves near the tool edge were finally formed due to the removal of adhered workpiece material.     

Effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles addition to PEO coatings on Ti–6Al–4V substrate: Microstructural analysis,corrosion behavior and antibacterial effect of coatings in Hank's physiological solution

In this study, plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) method was employed to modify the surface of Ti–6Al–4V. Effects of different concentrations of ZrO₂ nanoparticles (0, 1, 3 and 5 g/l) into a phosphate-based electrolyte on the morphology, wettability, antibacterial and corrosion behaviors of coatings were investigated. Microstructural analyses of coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Also, X-ray diffraction, contact angle instrument and profilometry were respectively used to perform phase analysis, wettability, and surface roughness of the coatings. The antibacterial test was conducted with spot inoculation method on four pathogenic bacteria. Polarization and impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in Hank's solution to investigate the corrosion behavior of coatings. The results revealed that PEO coatings without nanoparticles and by increasing the concentration of the ZrO₂ nanoparticles up to 3 g/l in the electrolyte led to a significant improvement in the antibacterial activities of gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. Coli). In the case of gram-positive bacteria, the PEO coated samples demonstrated improved antibacterial effects but addition of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in the PEO coatings resulted in deterioration of antibacterial effect. The sample coated with 3 g/l ZrO₂ nanoparticles showed the peak corrosion resistance compared to its counterparts.     

聚对亚苯基苯并二(噁)唑合成新路线及其制备新技术

为进一步提升聚对亚苯基苯并二噁唑（PBO）材料的性价比并促进其工业化,研究了以4,6-二硝基间苯二酚为原料,先选择还原制得4-氨基-6-硝基间苯二酚盐酸盐,进而与对甲氧羰基苯甲酰氯进行缩环合获得苯并噁唑化合物,再催化加氢合成AB型PBO新单体2-(对甲氧羰基苯基)-5-氨基-6-羟基苯并噁唑（MAB）,最后自缩聚反应制备PBO的新路线和新方法.结果表明：该方法具有原料易得、反应条件缓和、中间体稳定等新技术优势.合成的PBO树脂总收率达64%、特性黏数η>10 dl&#8226;g^-1,新单体MAB的纯度>98%,具有稳定性优异和缩聚基团完全等当比等性质,以及均缩聚时间<20 h和过程易操作等技术特点,均为4,6-二氨基间苯二酚（DAR）共缩聚路线所难以比拟的.其综合经济性优于三氯化苯经DAR共缩聚的工业化路线,有望发展成易于实施PBO产业化的一项新技术.     

医药中间体5-氨基-2,4,6-三碘异酞酸的合成研究

以5-硝基-异酞酸为原料,通过还原、碘取代反应,生成5-氨基-2,4,6-三碘异酞酸.重点对碘取代反应中反应介质、碘化剂的选取及碘化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等参数及精制方法对反应得率影响进行了讨论,确定了最佳配方和工艺条件.     

HY型分子筛催化合成2,6-二甲基萘

考察了HY沸石催化2-甲基萘(2-MN)与均四甲苯(TeMB)转移甲基化合成2,6-二甲基萘(2,6-DMN)的反应条件,较适宜的反应条件是:n(2-MN):n(TeMB)=1,温度350℃,压力0.15MPa,空速4h-1.研究了负载改性的AlCl3-HY催化剂孔结构、表面酸性对2-MN与TeMB转移甲基化反应结果的影响.研究结果表明,AlCl3-HY催化剂比表面积和孔径减小,总酸量减少,LeW-is酸/Bronsted酸增加,用于催化2-MN与TeMB转移甲基化反应可以抑制三甲基萘的生成,提高2,6-DMN和β,β'-二甲基萘(β,β'-DMN)的选择性,其选择性分别达到18.5%和48.5%.     

油田热电厂网控SF6断路器改造二次回路存在的问题及解决方法

针对油田热电厂110 kV、220 kV电气系统以及主变少油断路器改造为SF6断路器过程中,二次设备及回路存在的问题和可能发生的事故隐患进行了详细的论述,旨在各方面条件允许的情况下,对上述设备加以改进,以防止事故的发生.     

Identifying Candidate Protein Markers of Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

One-quarter of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) experience acute kidney injury (AKI)—an abrupt reduction or loss of kidney function associated with increased long-term mortality. There is a critical need to identify early and real-time markers of AKI in ADHF; however, to date, no protein biomarkers have exhibited sufficient diagnostic or prognostic performance for widespread clinical uptake. We aimed to identify novel protein biomarkers of AKI associated with ADHF by quantifying changes in protein abundance in the kidneys that occur during ADHF development and recovery in an ovine model. Relative quantitative protein profiling was performed using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra–mass spectrometry (SWATH–MS) in kidney cortices from control sheep (n = 5), sheep with established rapid-pacing-induced ADHF (n = 8), and sheep after ~4 weeks recovery from ADHF (n = 7). Of the 790 proteins quantified, we identified 17 candidate kidney injury markers in ADHF, 1 potential kidney marker of ADHF recovery, and 2 potential markers of long-term renal impairment (differential abundance between groups of 1.2–2.6-fold, adjusted p < 0.05). Among these 20 candidate protein markers of kidney injury were 6 candidates supported by existing evidence and 14 novel candidates not previously implicated in AKI. Proteins of differential abundance were enriched in pro-inflammatory signalling pathways: glycoprotein VI (activated during ADHF development; adjusted p < 0.01) and acute phase response (repressed during recovery from ADHF; adjusted p < 0.01). New biomarkers for the early detection of AKI in ADHF may help us to evaluate effective treatment strategies to prevent mortality and improve outcomes for patients.