燃煤烟气中多环芳烃富集技术研究

介绍燃煤电厂排放烟气中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的富集方法,比较了各种富集技术的特点与使用情况。对多环芳烃富集过程中的质量控制与质量保证措施进行了分析,指出富集采样中的若干注意事项。     

One-pot synthesis of hematite-alumina hollow sphere composite by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique with high adsorption capacity toward PAHs

A hybrid nanocomposite of alumina and hematite was synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. The study of microscopic images, mapping analysis, and XRD patterns revealed that the Al₂O₃ – Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite was composed of separated spherical particles with a thin layer ball-shaped structure that metal oxides are uniformly distributed in the wall of hollow sphere particles, led to a coherent and monotonous construction. A series of coefficients of equilibrium sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as hazardous materials were measured on the prepared composite material in a batch technique. The free or pure Al₂O₃ or Fe₂O₃ showed negligible removal efficiency for the mentioned analytes. The various significant variables, such as initial analyte concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time to remove analyte, were studied in the aqueous solutions. Adsorption data were modeled to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, and a good correlation found in the case of Langmuir isotherm and adsorption capacity for anthracene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene were 370, 333, and 322 mg g^?1, respectively. Investigation of the kinetic models proved a pseudo-second-order, and the prepared adsorbent can be reused more than 7 times without a significant decrease of adsorption performance.     

2016年春节期间西安市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征

2016年春节期间, 利用小流量采样器采集西安市大气颗粒物中PM2.5和PM10样品,有效样品30个,使用高效液相色谱仪（high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC）分析样品中16种多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的质量浓度特征,及组分分布特征。运用比值法和气象参数对PM2.5和PM10中PAHs来源进行解析。结果表明: 除夕后的颗粒物浓度(PM2.5平均质量浓度为180 μg?m-3,PM10为286 μg?m-3)明显高于除夕前(PM2.5平均质量浓度为160 μg?m-3,PM10为88 μg?m-3); PAHs主要分布在PM2.5细颗粒中,约占70%以上;PM2.5和PM10中不同环数的芳烃分布主要以3环、4环和5环为主;春节期间PAHs浓度持续居高,主要源于冬季采暖煤的不完全燃烧以及汽油车和柴油车等交通污染排放,PAHs浓度的突然骤升主要来源于烟花爆竹的燃烧。     

Use of Surfactants to Enhance the Removal of PAHs from Soil

The efficiency of soil remediation is often limited by the low aqueous solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs. Surfactants can then be used to enhance the removal of PAHs from soils. The dissolution of pure solid deposit of benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P, has shown that cationic surfactants are the most efficient to increase the aqueous solubility of B(a)P, when compared to neutral or anionic surfactants. In this paper we compare by using soil suspension washings, the efficiency of two surfactants (i) a cationic surfactant, the benzyldimethyl dodecylammonium bromide, BDDA, and (ii) a neutral one, the t-octylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol, triton X-100. The losses of surfactant, by adsorption on soil or precipitation, were measured together with the release of B(a)P, chosen as a model molecule, representative of all the PAHs. The efficiency of surfactants used in blend was then compared to the efficiency of surfactants alone.     

固相萃取富集—高效液相色谱法分析水中多环芳烃(PAHs)

采用固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术,测定了水中的多环芳烃。实验中使用Supelco固相萃取过滤装置和Supelco C_(18)固相萃取小柱,100％的甲醇作为流动相。对于萤蒽(FLU),苯并(b)萤蒽(BbF),苯并(K)萤蒽(BkF),苯并(ghi)(BPer)及茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘(IP)的检测限分别为4.1,3.8,1.6,14.4,和3.8ng/L。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke from different woods and their transfer during traditional smoking into chorizo sausages with collagen and tripe casings

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), at least those with high molecular mass, are classified as probable human carcinogens by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The importance of the material used to generate smoke is indicated by the attention that the European Union is paying to list the wood that can be used to produce smoking flavour agents. The paper examines the dependence on the nature of the wood used for smoking on the formation of eight PAHs (selected as markers of PAHs) and transfer of these PAHs into traditional Spanish smoked chorizo sausages with collagen and tripe casings. The results showed that the kind of combustion performed on different materials seriously affected the PAH levels in the smoke generated. Ignition and firing of the material with a flame compared with heating produced more PAHs in the smoke. The levels of PAHs found in the meat and in the collagen and tripe casings of the smoked chorizo samples suggest that the collagen-based casings behave as a better barrier to PAHs.     

Regulated and unregulated emissions of a light duty vehicle operated on diesel/palm-based methyl ester blends over NEDC and a non-legislated driving cycle

In this study, regulated, unregulated exhaust emissions and fuel consumption with diesel fuel and palm-based biodiesel blends at proportions of 5%, 20% and 40% (v/v) have been investigated. A Euro 3 compliant light duty vehicle was tested on a chassis dynamometer over the new European driving cycle (NEDC) and the non-legislated Athens driving cycle (ADC). The experimental results showed that the addition of biodiesel increased NO_x emissions. This increase was more significant with the use of B20 over both cycles (13.7% and 23.2% over the NEDC and ADC, respectively). Biodiesel addition resulted to increases in CO emissions with the highest increase being 11.78% for B20 over NEDC and 11.62% for B40 over ADC. HC emissions increased with biodiesel over the NEDC, while over the ADC the addition of biodiesel led to reductions with the highest being with the use of B40 (about 26.47%). The same observation holds for PM emissions. Over the ADC the most beneficial reduction was in the order of 50% for the B40. CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption followed similar patterns. B20 led to increases up to 6.16% and 2.94% in fuel consumption over NEDC and ADC, respectively. Some PAH compounds demonstrated an increase with biodiesel, while nitro-PAHs decreased with most of them being almost undetectable. Most carbonyl emissions decreased with biodiesel.     

Use of biosurfactant to remediate phenanthrene-contaminated soil by the combined solubilization-biodegradation process

The applicability of the combined solubilization-biodegradation process was examined using soil-packed column. In the solubilization step, 50 pore volumes of 150 mg/l biosurfactants solution was injected and the percentage removal of phenanthrene (mg) was 17.3% and 9.5% from soil with pH 5 and 7, respectively. The highest solubility was detected at pH 5 and this result confirmed that adjusting the pH of the biosurfactants solution injected could enhance the solubility of phenanthrene. Following this, soil samples were completely transferred to batches and incubated for 10 weeks to monitor phenanthrene degradation. The phenanthrene concentration in the soil samples decreased significantly during the biodegradation step in all soil samples, except for the soil sample that was flushed with biosurfactants solution with pH 4. This indicated that the degradation of contaminants by specific species might not be affected by the residual biosurfactants following application of the solubilization process. Moreover, these results suggested that the biosurfactant-enhanced flushing process could be developed as a useful technology with no negative effects on subsurface environments and could be combined with the biodegradation process to increase the removal efficiency.     

6种烟熏液的品质及其多环芳烃的毒性比较

该研究探讨蒜杆、紫苏、陈皮、梨木、桃木、枣木烟熏液的品质及多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的含量,并采用毒性当量因子(toxic equivalent factors,TEFs)对烟熏液的毒性风险进行评估.研究表明,自制烟熏液品质指标差异明显,密度为1.01～1.0...     

丁烷层流预混火焰多环芳烃生成化学动力学模拟

近年来,随着环保要求的不断提高,碳氢燃料燃烧过程中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)形成、生长和氧化的详细反应动力学研究成为热点。该文通过更新的层流预混火焰中描述丁烷热分解、氧化,苯的形成,多环芳烃生成及氧化等过程的详细机制反应模型,对层流预混C4H10/O2/Ar稳态火焰中芳香烃和多环芳烃的形成和生长进行动力学模拟计算,获得火焰中反应区和燃尽区反应物、主要燃烧产物、中间组分及PAHs的浓度分布,同时采用敏感系数分析法确定了丁烷火焰中影响PAHs生成的主要基元反应。研究结果表明:采用的更新机制模型能够很好地预测丁烷火焰中大多数低分子量的脂肪烃、燃烧副产物、中间组分及PAHs的浓度分布;丙炔基(H2CCCH)的化合反应是苯环生成的主要反应序列;萘(C10H8)生成的主要步骤是环戊二烯基(c-C5H5)的化合反应,活化分子茚基与c-C5H5反应可以形成大量的菲(C14H10);同时模型更近一步论证了PAHs生成的"脱氢加乙炔"机制。