虚拟仪器技术在温度采集系统中的应用

针对目前越来越多的控制系统以个人计算机为控制核心和虚拟仪器技术的快速发展等特点,为了使温度采集系统实现系统与计算机的高度融合,设计了一种基于实验室虚拟仪器工程平台和单片机的温度采集系统,将虚拟仪器技术应用到温度采集系统中.系统由STC系列单片机和数字温度传感器DS18B20搭建下位机系统进行实时温度采集,应用图形化编程软件LabVIEW和个人计算机构成上位机系统进行采集温度数据的实时处理、分析以及存储等操作.多次测试实验的结果表明,系统运行良好,实验结果理想.较传统基于单片机设计的温度采集系统,其设计实现了系统与计算机的高度融合,虚拟仪器技术在温度采集系统中的应用很大程度上提高了系统的灵敏性,降低了硬件制作的复杂度;与采用数据采集卡搭建的系统相比,应用串口通信极大程度上降低了成本.系统结构简单,直观形象、操作简单方便,人机交互界面友好美观,具有成本低、实时保存数据、抗干扰能力强等特点.     

Observation of the induced pressure in a hybrid mlcro/nano-channel

This paper studies the flow characteristics in micro/nano-channels subjected to an applied electric field. The nano-channel flow was observed by means of the fluorescence Calcein. A Fluorescence Concentration Gradient Interface (FCGI) was observed across the nano-channel array. The front of the FCGI was shown to have an analogous parabolic shape. The propagation of this interface reflects indirectly the induced pressure at the micro/nano-channel junction, where the enrichment-depletion processes are known to take place. This induced pressure was predicted by numerical simulations, and this paper gives the first experimental evidence.     

Value and limits of μ-CT for nondemineralized bone tissue processing

An experimental approach was performed on 20 giant rabbits to establish the possibilities and limitations of μ-CT for routine processing of nondemineralized bone tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP) bead implants or a melange of both, microchambered and solid, were implanted into a standardized and precise defect in the patellar groove. The bone-healing phase was chosen for the histology considering 1 or 2 days, and 2, 3, and 6 weeks. Normal X-ray and μ-CT were applied on all specimens; five specimens in the 6-week stage were additionally processed according to the full range of conventional nondemineralized bone processing methods. μ-CT increased the possibilities of nondemineralized histology with respect to bone morphometry and a complete sequence of sections, thus providing a complete analysis of the bone response. μ-CT was limited in differentiating bone quality, cell analyses, and mineralization stages. The investigation based on normal X-rays is limited to defining integration and excluding the fibrous and bony encapsulation of loose implants. μ-CT allows a 3D evaluation of newly formed bone which is clearly marked against the ceramic implant. It does not allow, however, for the differentiation between woven and lamellar bone, the presentation of the canalicular lacunar system, or on the cell level, revealing canaliculi or details of the mineralization process which can be documented by high-resolution microradiography. Titer dynamics of bone formation remains the domain of polychromatic sequential labeling. The complete sequence of μ-CT slices enhances the possibilities for routine histology, tremendously allowing to the focus on detail histology to topographically well-defined cuts, thus providing more precise conclusions which take into consideration the whole implant.     

基于光伏微网的PI-dP&O高性能MPPT控制器的设计

通过采用PI-dP&O模块、Buck-Boost电路与具有电流闭环控制的抑制积分饱和的PI控制器相结合的策略,设计出一种具有高性能的MPPT控制器。此控制器具有软件实现简单、适应性好、成本低廉等优点。在Matlab实验平台上将此高性能的MPPT控制器与传统的MPPT控制器进行对比,并应用到光伏微网中,充分显示其优越性和可行性。     

微电火花加工中探针与工件中铁元素作用机理研究

以加工工件中铁原子为基组构成基本模型,通过理论计算和模拟研究了铁元素在分别外加面电极和体电极情况下,整个系统的电子传输过程与电子态密度的分布.结果显示在外加体电极时,相比于加面电极时的情况,其电子穿过体系的概率更大,有利于整个系统的电子传输,对电火花加工更有利.另外还得出了两个传输系统的能级和能隙,能量对比显示,在外加体电极时,分子失去电子的能力比加面电极强,且更加容易发生跃迁,整个体系的加工性更好.考虑实际加工过程,对电极和工件间距离变化时系统的电子传输和态密度的变化进行了研究,结果显示,钨面电极在距离为0.48 nm时,电火花加工处于截止状态,而钨体电极则是在距离为0.58 nm时,电火花加工截止.     

基于微平面模型的混凝土本构矩阵

在Zdenek P Baant等人提出的微平面模型的基础上,提出了确定混凝土本构矩阵的逐步拟合方法.给出了基于微平面的应力-应变刚度矩阵,并采用逐步拟合法根据试验数据给出了微平面上应力-应变关系函数的量化形式.模型基于单轴试验数据进行拟合,可用于计算材料的多轴本构关系,也可用来进行隐式分析.     

脉冲N离子束轰击对TiAlN膜层显微硬度影响的研究

采用俄罗斯UVN 0.5D2I脉冲离子束辅助电弧离子镀沉积设备,在高速钢W18Cr4V基材上沉积TiAlN膜层。研究了膜层沉积之前N离子束轰击基材以及膜层沉积过程中N离子束辅助轰击对TiAlN膜层显微硬度的影响。结果表明:膜层沉积之前,N离子轰击得到高度洁净的表面,使基材的显微硬度由原来的900HV0.01提高到1230HV0.01。膜层沉积过程中,脉冲N离子束轰击,消除了膜层中的硬度"软点"及阴影效应,增加(Ti,Al)N相的含量,膜层的内部产生了压应力,这些因素显著提高了膜层的硬度,膜层的最高硬度为2530HV0.01。但轰击能量不能过高,否则会降低膜层的显微硬度。     

Robust tracking control for micro machine tools with load uncertainties

The quality of the micro-mechanical machining outcome depends significantly on the tracking performance of the miniaturized linear motor drive precision stage. The tracking behavior of a direct drive design is prone to uncertainties such as model parameter variations and disturbances. Robust optimal tracking controller design for this kind of precision stages with mass and damping ratio uncertainties was researched. The mass and damping ratio uncertainties were modeled as the structured parametric uncertainty model. An identification method for obtaining the parametric uncertainties was developed by using unbiased least square technique. The instantaneous frequency bandwidth of the external disturbance signals was analyzed by using short time Fourier transform technique. A two loop tracking control strategy that combines the μ-synthesis and the disturbance observer (DOB) techniques was proposed. The μ-synthesis technique was used to design robust optimal controllers based on structured uncertainty models. By complementing the μ controller, the DOB was applied to further improving the disturbance rejection performance. To evaluate the positioning performance of the proposed control strategy, the comparative experiments were conducted on a prototype micro milling machine among four control schemes: the proposed two-loop tracking control, the single loop μ control, the PID control and the PID with DOB control. The disturbance rejection performances, the root mean square (RMS) tracking errors and the performance robustness of different control schemes were studied. The results reveal that the proposed control scheme has the best positioning performance. It reduces the maximal errors caused by disturbance forces such as friction force by 60% and the RMS errors by 63.4% compared with the PID control. Compared to PID with DOB control, it reduces the RMS errors by 29.6%.     

微油点火技术在320MW机组锅炉燃烧运行中的应用

本文介绍了微油点火技术的工作原理,并针对该技术在安庆皖江发电公司2×320MW机组锅炉燃烧运行的应用情况,详细介绍了点火启动的运行过程。通过经济效益分析表明,作为火电厂锅炉启动及低负荷稳燃的新型节油技术,微油点火技术良好的节能效果,能大大降低发电成本,带来可观的经济收益。     

迎接新挑战 抓住新机遇 提升新素养——试论微时代下高校思政教育的应对之策

微时代的来临给高校的思政教育工作带来了新的挑战和机遇。为了应对这一新的变化,我们的教育工作者必须提升自身的素养,苦练基本功,以期更好地开展教育工作,服务学生。