压力设备必须迎接新的挑战——ASME规范与PED的比较

2001年我国进入WTO，一个新的，不可回避的挑战向我们走来。这次挑战是欧洲联盟发布的压力设备指令（PED）。本文将对PED作一大体介绍，并与ASME规范作一系统对比，我们要积极学习，采纳国际先进标准，迎接挑战，走向世界。     

聚甲基丙烯酸多缩乙二醇二酯－锂盐－增塑剂聚合物电解质的离子电导

合成了一系列甲基丙烯酸多缩乙二醇二酯（ＰＥＤ），并且考察了溶剂含量、盐浓度、增塑剂种类对由ＰＥＤ、锂盐、溶剂组成的聚合物电解质的电导率的影响。当溶剂含量局于８０ｍｏｌ％，盐含量相同时，不同分子量的ＰＥＤ形成的电解质的电导率非常接近，表明增塑剂在盐的解离和离子迁移过程中起主导作用。研究了四种增塑剂：碳酸乙烯酯（ＥＣ）、碳酸丙烯酯（ＰＣ）、四乙二醇（ＴＥＧ）和ＰＥＧ＿（４００），发现其增塑效果同它们的介电常数大小的顺序相吻合。对于室温电导率，在ＬｉＣＬＯ＿４盐浓度为０．９ｍｏｌ／１时，存在最大值。但当温度上升时，电导率对盐浓度的依赖性发生了改变，通过离子－离子对－三离子之间的平衡随温度的变化可以很好地解释该种现象。本文还研究了电导率的温度依赖性，发现在盐浓度低于０．５ｍｏｌ／ｌ时，符合阿仑尼乌斯关系。     

一种新的自校正PID控制器

提出了一种新的自校正 ＰＩＤ控制算法,这种算法具有普通 ＰＩＤ调节器的优点,同时又具有适应系统参数缓变的特性,仿真结果也表明了此算法的有效性。     

欧盟承压设备材料的符合性评定

承压设备材料对承压设备安全有着决定性的影响.简要介绍了欧盟承压设备的材料要求、材料证书要求以及符合性评定要求;讨论了七类PED常用材料的特殊评审、以及建立和维护PED材料质保体系的四个关键过程;对欧盟承压设备材料符合性评定与我国承压设备材料TS认证之间的一些异同,相关处亦有浅议.     

基于PED的地面集中矿井降温系统应用研究

由于深部矿井热害问题的日益严重,地面集中矿井降温系统得到越来越多的应用;高低压力转换装置(Pressure Exchange Device,PED)由于其技术优势及节能效果显著,得到了越来越多的重视。针对PED现场应用技术进行研究,实现了PED代替高低压换热器。实际运行表明,末端的降温幅度和PED的温度跃升均达到了预期目标,验证了系统的降温效果和节能效果。     

Growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by a novel single‐stage route based on pulsed electron deposition

We report a novel route for growing Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) thin films, based upon the Pulsed Electron Deposition (PED) technique. Unlike other well‐known deposition techniques, PED process allows the stoichiometric deposition of CIGS layers in a single stage, without requiring any further treatments for Cu/(In + Ga) ratio adjustment nor selenization. The structural properties of polycrystalline CIGS films strongly depend on the growth temperature, whereas post‐deposition annealing enhances the grain size and the <112> out‐of‐plane preferred orientation of the chalcopyrite structure, without affecting the film composition. Preliminary measurements of the performances of solar cells based on these films confirm the great potentiality of PED‐grown CIGS as absorber layers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电变质设备的研制及铸件成形的质量分析

研制一种用于金属铸件电变质处理的大电流可控电脉冲发生装置,其脉冲电流的最大峰点值可达1.7MA,采用单片机实现电容器组的充放电时间的控制,设置充放电时间范围为1～9999ms.装置的电流频率达到超声波频率范围,最大为1.1MHz.Al-4%Cu合金石膏型铸件的电变质处理实验结果表明,铸件中宏观疏松和热裂纹消失,晶粒细化,铸件表观质量得到改善.     

Characterization of the μ and P phase precipitates in the CMSX‐4 single crystal superalloy

A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning‐transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using high‐angle annular‐dark‐field (HAADF) imaging, focussed ion beam‐ scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) tomography, selected area electron diffraction with beam precession (PED), as well as spatially resolved energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), was used to investigate topologically close‐packed (TCP) phases, occurring in the CMSX‐4 superalloy subjected to high temperature annealing and creep deformation. Structural and chemical analyses were performed to identify the TCP phases and provide information concerning the compositional partitioning of elements between them. The results of SEM and FIB‐SEM tomography revealed the presence of merged TCP particles, which were identified by TEM and PED analysis as coprecipitates of the μ and P phases. Inside the TCP particles that were several micrometres in size, platelets of alternating μ and P phases of nanometric width were found. The combination of STEM‐HAADF imaging with spatially resolved EDS and EELS microanalysis allowed determination of the significant partitioning of the constituent elements between the μ and P phases.     

PED 97/23/EC承压设备设计与制造要点

分别从设备分类、符合性评审模式、设计、材料、制造、产品检验以及符合性申明等方面来阐述和说明如何运用ASME SectionⅧdivision 1和Pressure Equipment Directive(PED)97/23/EC指令这两方面的内容,使得国内众多的ASME U钢印持证厂家顺利地设计和制造出能够敲CE标记、出口到欧盟的承压设备。