PLSR modelling of quality changes of lager and malt beer during storage

The aim of this research was to create mathematical models for describing the changes in beer properties by using two chemometric methods applied on the experimental data. The models are intended to be useful and trustworthy for calculating four beer properties based on three easily measured ones. For that purpose, lager and malt beer were packaged in glass bottles, while lager beer was also packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Samples were placed at room temperature in the dark for 6 months. Fifteen physical and chemical properties of the beer were measured before bottling, immediately after bottling and once per month for the next 6 months. Standard MEBAK and Analytica‐EBC methods of analysis were applied. During the 6 month period, seven properties changed >1%. Two partial least squares regression methods [polynomial regression, partial least squares regression with polynomial regression (PLSR‐PR) and response surface method (PLSR‐RSM)] were used for modelling the relationships amongst multivariate measurements. Models with high statistical significance were determined and two PLSR methods were compared. Both chemometric methods were found to be suitable for modelling physical and chemical changes in the beers during their commercial shelf‐life. The PLS‐RSM method was found to be the more precise and confident method in describing property changes for lager and malt beer in glass bottles, while the polynomial regression model was found to be better for the lager beer packaged in PET. The R² values determined for polynomial regression model were up to 0.939, while for the random surface method model the values were up to 1.000. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

PET沉析浆粕形态及性能研究

以在不同剪切速率下自制的5种PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)沉析浆粕为原料,对其进行光学显微镜观察、比表面积测试及筛分分析,并对这5种浆粕的抄造性能进行了研究。结果表明,PET沉析浆粕的组分主要分布在16~30目之间,R16与R30组分比例之和随剪切速率的提高分别为90.7%、90%、84.8%、80.6%和65.6%,主要长度为0.596~1.192 mm,细小纤维(P200)比例随剪切速率的提高分别为1.9%、2.7%、3.4%、10.4%、25%,沉析浆粕的比表面积也随之增大。当PET沉析浆粕∶PET短切纤维=50∶50时,纸张的抗张指数和耐破指数最大,当PET沉析浆粕∶PET短切纤维=30∶70时,纸张的撕裂指数最大。     

磁控溅射法制备防水透湿织物的性能研究

介绍子利用磁控溅射法制备透湿织物的基本原理及方法，通过对防水透湿织物憎水性及透湿性的测试分析，发现溅射后织物的憎水性明显提高，且憎水性随溅射功能的增大而减小，随压力的增大而增在，而溅射前后的透湿性受功率和压力的影响不大。     

染整加工后自卷曲丝结构的变化及其织物弹性

为探究不同PTT/PET自卷曲长丝织物在后整理中的表现及其最终成品的弹性性能,选用3个厂家生产的PTT/PET自卷曲长丝试织织物,并在相同工艺条件下进行染整处理,再与氨纶织物进行对比,得到4种织物的质量损失率、纬向染缩率、弹性伸长率、弹性回复率。结果表明:单丝纤度越大,质量损失率越小,染色率越大;织造密度越大,质量损失率越小;弹性伸长率越大,弹性回复率越小。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察及DSC辅助分析发现,PTT/PET复合丝由于单丝比较细,比表面积大,在染整处理过程中受到碱液腐蚀过大而发生2种组分分离的现象,从而失去了双组分丝应有的高弹性。     

静电和熔融纺丝法对PET纤维表面结构的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对溶液和熔融静电纺丝法所制备的PET纤维,以及工业熔融纺PET纤维的表面形貌和热学性能进行分析比较.结果表明,因加工成纤方式不同,熔融静电纺纤维表面光滑匀整,工业熔融纺纤维表面有明显的凹凸波浪纹,而溶液静电纺纤维表面略显蜂窝状结构.由DSC分...     

聚酯消光剂加入工艺的改进

介绍消光剂加入位置由浆料釜改为第二酯化釜的情况。工艺做适当调整后,产品质量除DEG含量略有升高外,其他指标无大的变化。转产时间节约了一半,减少大量过渡产品,降低了生产成本。     

Glass‐transition and melting behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) blends

The glass‐transition temperatures and melting behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PET/PEN) blends were studied. Two blend systems were used for this work, with PET and PEN of different grades. It was found that T_g increases almost linearly with blend composition. Both the Gibbs–DiMarzio equation and the Fox equation fit experimental data very well, indicating copolymer‐like behavior of the blend systems. Multiple melting peaks were observed for all blend samples as well as for PET and PEN. The equilibrium melting point was obtained using the Hoffman–Weeks method. The melting points of PET and PEN were depressed as a result of the formation of miscible blends and copolymers. The Flory–Huggins theory was used to study the melting‐point depression for the blend system, and the Nishi–Wang equation was used to calculate the interaction parameter (χ₁₂). The calculated χ₁₂ is a small negative number, indicating the formation of thermodynamically stable, miscible blends. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 11–22, 2001     

树形分子键合剂在PET试片中的应用

在PET体系中加入0．4％的树形分子键合剂(DBA),分别考察了DBA对HMX、RDX、AP的键合效果,证实树形分子键合剂提高了PET试片、PET-DBP—HMX试片、PET—DBP—RDX试片和PET-DBP-AP试片的力学性能。     

聚酯纤维的氧等离子体联合亲水剂处理

使用氧等离子体并结合亲水剂对聚酯纤维进行处理,探讨氧等离子体处理对聚酯纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:氧等离子体对纤维表面形成刻蚀,引入含氧极性基团,提高了纤维的吸湿性,但处理时间超过3 min,纤维表面的极性基团又被溅射掉,纤维的吸湿性下降;聚酯纤维经氧等离子体再施以亲水剂处理,可以显著提高其亲水性及亲水的耐久性;氧等离子体处理过程使聚酯纤维引入羰基含氧极性基团,且纤维的力学性能、热性能不受影响。     

啤酒包装塑料化的研究开发近况

近年来,全球每年的啤酒生产产生了巨大的啤酒包装市场,其中玻璃瓶包装占了大约70％。因玻璃瓶存在运输、装卸费用高,洗瓶、灌装、运输等环节破损率高、损失大,还存在安全隐患等缺点,导致近年来国内外啤酒包装行业开始大力研究和开发PEN材料、生产高阻隔性的多层瓶和PET材料上的涂覆等技术,并取得较快的发展。啤酒包装容器的塑料化可减少运输、洗瓶、上瓶等环节的成本和提高生产效率,将逐渐成为国际、国内啤酒包装的新宠,PET瓶将逐渐替代玻璃瓶啤酒包装。（孙悟）