烟碱对大鼠脑内蛋白激酶A 和C活性的影响

目的: 观察烟碱对脑内蛋白激酶A 和C 活性的影响。方法: 在烟碱诱导N 受体处于激动态、亚急性失敏、急性失敏和慢性失敏态时, 处死大鼠取全脑匀浆。分别加入PKA 特异性生物素化底物Kemptide和PKC 特异性底物生物素化Neurogranine, 用³²P掺入底物法测定大鼠全脑中蛋白激酶A 和C 的活性。利用基因芯片技术检测慢性失敏时PKA 和PKC 相关基因表达的变化。结果: N 受体激动状态下对PKA 和PKC 的活性没有影响;N 受体亚急性、急性和慢性失敏时使PKA 和PKC 的活性降低。慢性失敏时,PKC Ⅲ基因表达增加, 而PKC 中α、γ、ζ等基因表达没有变化;cAMP 反应元素结合蛋白、cAMP反应元素调节因子、cAMP 磷脂酶、cAMP 依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ等6 种基因表达无明显改变。结论: 烟碱作用使N 受体失敏耐受时, 可降低脑内PKA 和PKC的活性, 使脑内信号转导通路发生适应性改变, 这些变化可能是烟碱耐受的重要生化基础。     

传感器节点相互协作的广播认证

针对无线传感器网络（WSN）中基于数字签名的公钥加密体制的广播认证需要耗费大量的能量,以及传感器节点资源有限的问题,为了减少传感器节点的能量耗费和加快传感器节点的认证,提出一种传感器节点相互协作的广播认证方案。首先,用户向无线传感器网络的组网络广播其签名信息,但不广播签名信息中点的纵坐标;然后,组网络中的高能量节点依据点的横坐标和椭圆曲线方程计算得出纵坐标,并将其广播给组内的一般节点,同时利用vBNN-IBS数字签名对用户广播的签名信息进行认证,并转播有效的签名信息;最后,组网络内的一般节点收到纵坐标后,利用椭圆曲线方程验证其有效性和正确性,同时执行和高能节点相同的签名认证过程,并转播有效的签名信息。此外,该方案通过整合立即撤销和自动撤销以最大限度地减小授权撤销列表（ARL）的长度。仿真实验表明,当认证节点收到来自邻居节点的数据包达到一定数目时,该方案的能量耗费和认证总时间比利用WSN中传感器节点间的相互协作来加速vBNN-IBS的签名方案分别减少了41%和66%。     

Privacy Preserving Biometric Authentication on the blockchain for smart healthcare

Privacy Preserving Biometric Authentication (PPBA) schemes are designed for anonymous authentication of patients to protect patient’s privacy in accessing healthcare services. Recently, blockchain technology in healthcare has emerged as a new research area to provide tamper-resistance and non-repudiation in e-health systems. One aspect of this research could lead to blockchain-based secure biometric identification for smart healthcare, which may face the paradox of anonymous biometric authentication on public blockchains. In this paper, we describe an efficient, fully anonymous and GDPR-compliant PPBA protocol built into the blockchain of any privacy coin such as Monero. The new protocol provides encrypted offline storage and processing in the encrypted domain. The infrastructure necessary for the online authentication is outsourced to the public blockchain that provides integrity of its data. In addition to auditing capabilities for misbehaving entities, the new system reduces the number of transactions necessary for authentication and enables revocation of biometric identities. We provide new PPBA schemes both for set difference/overlap and Euclidean distance metrics without using bilinear pairings, where the former leads to an efficient solution to the compatibility for organ transplant. We limit the generation of encrypted templates for public testing even if biometric/health data is of low min-entropy. Due to the anonymity of the cryptocurrency, we break the link between the stealth address of an authenticating user and its biometrics. We describe the user and identity privacy notions independent of the underlying privacy coin and guarantee the security of our proposal in the framework of those generic notions. Finally, we simulate the new proposal on Monero blockchain and analyze the transaction fees required for hill climbing attacks. The results show that our design leads to a natural hindrance against these attacks that could be successful even if the templates are stored as encrypted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient blockchain-based PPBA scheme that exhibits a punishment against hill climbing attacks through transaction fees.     

浅谈PKC体制及一种重要算法的实现

"公开密钥密码体制(PKC)"是现代密码学的最重要的发明和进展,RSA算法是目前最重要的公开密钥密码算法之一。首先简要介绍了密码学及PKC体制,然后重点对RSA算法的基本原理、实现等进行阐述。通过对RSA算法的特点以及目前的密码技术发展情况的分析,认为RSA算法在将来仍旧是应用最广泛的加密解密算法之一。     

WSN中基于身份的高效多播认证协议

分析了无线传感器网络中已有多播认证协议的不足,给出了基于PKC的WSN安全协议研究进展,并提出一种基于身份的高效多播认证协议.该协议具有消息恢复功能,可有效缩短签名长度,减少协议的通信和计算开销,克服公钥密码体制开销大的缺点.在随机预言模型下证明了协议在适应性选择消息攻击和身份攻击下是存在性不可伪造的.最后,基于MICA2DOT无线传感器网络节点对协议的能量消耗进行了定量分析,结果表明,本协议的性能优于HESS、Zhang和BLS等协议,能更好地适用于资源受限的WSN环境.