功能化有机硅密封胶的研究进展

室温硫化有机硅密封胶具有优异的耐寒性、耐热性、耐老化性、耐潮湿性和电绝缘性,同时使用方便,在电子、建筑、交通运输、机械及化工等行业的应用越来越广泛。本文主要介绍了补强型、阻燃型、防水性、耐油型、水分散型、耐热型、电器专用型等等诸多功能型有机硅密封胶的国内研究开发进展。     

聚硫密封剂耐喷气燃料老化性能研究

聚硫橡胶是一种中温材料,其耐温等级(最高使用温度仅为120℃)已无法满足某些领域的使用要求。为此,以聚硫密封剂经3号喷气燃料150℃/24 h处理后的力学性能作为衡量指标,采用单因素试验法分别考察了不同类型的防老剂、硫化剂、填料和促进剂等对聚硫密封剂耐老化性能的影响。结果表明:在其他条件保持不变的前提下,当硫化剂为活性二氧化锰、补强填料为炭黑和防老剂为4020时,聚硫密封剂的耐老化性能相对最好;促进剂的类型对聚硫密封剂的耐老化性能基本无影响。     

Effect of using internal teat sealant with or without antibiotic therapy at dry-off on subsequent somatic cell count and milk production

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of treating cows with teat sealant only compared with antibiotic plus teat sealant at drying off on weekly somatic cell count, potential intramammary infection, and milk production across the entire subsequent lactation. In 3 research herds in the south of Ireland, cows with SCC that did not exceed 200,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation (LowSCC) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments at drying off: internal teat sealant alone (ITS) or antibiotic plus teat sealant (AB+ITS). Cows with SCC that exceeded 200,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation were treated with AB+ITS and included in the analyses as a separate group (HighSCC). Weekly individual animal composite SCC records were available for 654 cow lactations and were transformed to somatic cell scores (SCS) for the purpose of analysis. Data were divided into 3 data sets to represent records obtained (1) up to 35 DIM, (2) up to 120 DIM, and (3) across the lactation. Foremilk secretions were taken from all quarters at drying off, at calving, 2 wk after calving, and in mid-lactation and were cultured to detect the presence of bacteria. The LowSCC cows treated with ITS alone had higher daily milk yield (0.67 kg/d) across lactation compared with LowSCC cows treated with AB+ITS. The LowSCC cows treated with ITS alone had higher SCS in early, up to mid, and across lactation compared with LowSCC cows treated with AB+ITS. We detected no difference in weekly SCS of LowSCC cows treated with ITS alone and SCS of HighSCC cows. The least squares means back-transformed SCC across lactation of the LowSCC cows treated with ITS alone, LowSCC cows treated with AB+ITS, and HighSCC cows were 41,523, 34,001, and 38,939 cells/mL respectively. The odds of LowSCC cows treated with ITS alone having bacteria present in their foremilk across lactation was 2.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.91 to 3.85) and 1.6 (1.22 to 2.03) times the odds of LowSCC cows treated with AB+ITS and of HighSCC cows treated with AB+ITS, respectively. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen isolated from the population. Recategorizing the threshold for LowSCC cows as ≤150,000 cells/mL or ≤100,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation had no effect on the results. The results indicate that herds with good mastitis control programs may use ITS alone at dry-off in cows with SCC <200,000 cells/mL across lactation with only a small effect on herd SCC.     

Evaluation on biocompatibility of biomedical polyurethanes with different hard segment contents

In this paper, polyurethane (PU) materials with different contents of hard segment (20%, 25%, 30%) were prepared based on hexamethylene diisocyanate and polycarbonate diols by solution polymerization. The obtained polycarbonate-urethane (PCU) elastomers were characterized by very good hydrophobic property and excellent resistance to hydrolysis. Hemolysis, recalification time and platelet-rich plasma adhesion were used to evaluate the blood compatibility of the materials. L929 cells cultured with leach?liquor of these PU membranes were selected to perform the cytotoxicity experiments. The results indicate that the hemolysis rates of PU membranes are all less than 5%, which can meet the requirement of the national standards for biomaterials. However, compared with 20% and 30% groups, the recalification time of the sample containing 25% hard segment is longer, while the number of platelet adhesion is less. Additionally, cells cultured in the leach liquor of PU membranes with 25% hard segment proliferated relatively more thriving, meaning that this proportion of the material has the lowest cytotoxicity.     

硅烷改性聚合物密封剂的研究进展

详细阐述了硅烷改性预聚体的合成方法和硅烷改性聚合物密封剂的制备及固化机理,总结了国内外硅烷改性聚合物密封剂的研究现状及进展,最后分析了硅烷改性聚合物密封剂在我国工业发展中的重要作用。     

高性能透明PU复印机刮板的研制

探讨异氰酸酯、扩链剂、交联剂和聚合工艺对高性能透明PU复印机刮板物理性能、工艺性能和透明性的影响。试验确定 ,以聚四亚甲基醚二元醇 (PTMEG)为主体材料 ,异氰酸酯选用 4,4′ 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 (MDI) ,扩链剂选用 1,4 丁二醇 (1,4 BDO) ,交联剂选用三羟基丙烷 (TMP) ,按PTMEG/MDI/(BDO TMP) (其中BDO/TMP摩尔比为 6 5∶1)摩尔比为 1∶2∶1、预聚反应条件为 (70～ 80 )℃× 0 5h、扩链反应条件为 (12 5～ 13 0 )℃× 1h聚合PU浇注料 ,利用离心浇注成型法制备出透明PU弹性体 ,经机加工可以制得透明性和物理性能好的复印机刮板     

化学灌浆在输水隧洞渗漏处理中的运用

福清市闽江调水工程输水隧洞,原地下水较活跃,后经水泥灌浆,堵住大部分水,但渗漏现象还比较严重,难以靠单一的水泥灌浆彻底堵住渗漏,后经采用PU4水溶性聚氨酯对漏水点进行化学灌浆取得了较好的止水效果。PU4水溶性聚氨酯是一种单组份灌浆材料,其遇水后自行分散、乳化、发泡,立即进行聚合反应,聚合后的固结体有良好的延伸性、弹性及抗渗性,体现了弹性止水和以水止水的双重功能。可供类似工程参考。     

HFC-245fa聚氨酯硬泡的粘接性能研究

通过合成新型聚醚多元醇 ,对交联剂和催化剂的选择等试验 ,有效地改善了HFC 2 45fa聚氨酯硬泡的粘接性能 ,满足了冰箱冰柜生产对聚氨酯硬泡粘接强度的要求。研制生产的HFC 2 45fa组合聚醚发泡特性及发泡制品的性能均达到了CFC— 11型同类产品水平。     

有机硅密封胶粘附性能的改善

研究了交联剂、催化剂、填料等对单组分有机硅密封胶性能的影响。     

乙内酰脲体系无氰电镀镉工艺

目的开发一种新型的无氰镀镉工艺,替代传统的氰化镀镉。方法以海因和柠檬酸为主、辅络合剂,通过选用光亮剂和表面活性剂获得无氰镀镉工艺配方,优化pH值、电流密度和温度等工艺参数。按规定的方法测试镀液的分散能力、深镀能力。利用SEM、三维显微镜观察镀层的微观形貌,通过极化曲线和循环伏安曲线讨论镀液的极化度和成膜机理,利用塔尔菲尔曲线和点滴实验测试其耐蚀性。结果镉电沉积是通过\"成核/生长\"机理进行的,乙内酰脲体系无氰镀镉双络合剂协同作用明显,镀液极化能力强。与氰化镀镉相比,该工艺电流效率提高20%,沉积速率提高30%,分散能力可达89%以上,镀液深镀能力和镀层结合力检验合格,镀层表面光亮细致,钝化膜彩虹色明显。无氰镀镉层耐蚀性优于氰化镀镉层,与氰化镀镉钝化层相比,钝化封闭后,自腐蚀电流密度降低至之前的1/15,耐蚀性显著提高。结论该配方及工艺条件为:硫酸镉30～50 g/L,硫酸钠60～100 g/L,乙内酰脲60～70 g/L,柠檬酸20～40 g/L,光亮剂1～3 g/L,表面活性剂1～3g/L,pH=5～6,温度15～35℃。镀液镀层各项性能优越,完全可以替代氰化镀镉工艺用于我国飞机和航空发动机钢结构的防护。