Effect of olive residue benzylation on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/olive residue composites

The changes in mechanical properties, the thermal stability, and the water absorption capacity of poly (vinyl chloride)/olive residue flour composites were studied as a function of various residue olive flour ratios, i.e., 0, 5, 15, and 25% by weight taking into account the effect of benzylation chemical treatment of the filler. The study showed that composite samples prepared with the untreated filler exhibited higher tensile modulus and hardness compared with the neat resin, whereas elongation and tensile strength were observed to decline. On the other hand, the PVC hardness was found to increase with addition of the untreated olive residue flour (ORF), however the composite samples prepared with the benzylated flour exhibited lower hardness than those prepared with untreated olive residue. Moreover, the amount of absorbed water depends on the amount of filler in the composite. The comparison of the results obtained from the samples of F5, F20, and F30 formulations between the untreated and treated ORF indicated a reduction in absorbed water for the composite samples containing treated ORF with benzyl chloride. As a result, the mechanical properties of the treated composites were improved. Furthermore, the thermal characterization of the different samples carried out by color change test and thermogravimetric analysis revealed an increase in the onset temperatures of decomposition for the treated composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

GC–MS characterization of oligomers in polyadipates used as plasticizers for PVC in food contact

Fourteen commercial polyadipates and a polysebacate were analysed for their components of a molecular mass below 1000 Da, primarily with the aim of generating the background data for measuring the migration of this type of polymeric additives from plasticized PVC (e.g. cling films and gaskets of lids) into foods or food simulants. Since the composition of the material <1000 Da varies between the polyadipates, the main components must be identified to enable a correct quantification. Polyadipates differ in the diol used as linker, their termination (acid or alcohol) and in the end‐capping (free alcohols, acetylation, acylation with fatty acids, esterification with octanol/decanol). Gas chromatography (GC) provides good separation, but the material remaining in the column up to high temperatures decomposes and forms a hump in the rear part of the chromatogram. Examples of mass spectra are shown, the most indicative fragments pointed out and spectra of 159 components listed. The polyadipates and the sebacate are characterized by their structure, the main components <1000 Da and the fraction of material <1000 Da. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PVC薄膜—尼龙织物复合用胶粘剂的研制

介绍 PVC 薄膜—尼龙织物复合用胶粘剂试制的情况。主要包含胶粘剂主体聚合物、增粘组分、增塑剂、反应促进剂及其它助剂的选择。并阐述了胶粘剂的放大试验情况及应用工艺条件。     

ATM与帧中继互连技术

ＡＴＭ技术是ＩＴＵ－Ｔ推荐的Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ交换技术，而帧中继在提供广域网业务方面很成功。因此，在ＡＴＭ发展的初期不可避免地会与帧中继技术并存。本文阐述了ＡＴＭ与帧中继网络互加和业务互连的相关技术及其存在的问题。     

漳河灌区末级渠系农业水费补贴机制的思考

农村税费改革以来，漳河灌区末级渠系面临着建设与管理缺位、投入不足、责任不明等问题，虽然灌区管理单位也进行了水价改革等积极有效的探索与实践，取得了一定成效，但仍有一些问题亟待破解。结合漳河灌区实际．应加强末级渠系建设奖补基金筹措并改进补发方式，要充分发挥农民用水户协会的作用；在农业水费补贴机制方面．建议将基本水费纳入财政直补范围，建议将农业水费直补金统一发放到末级渠系农民用水户协会。     

Wastewater reuse and exposure to Legionella organisms

Eight hundred and fifty-two (852) blood sera were drawn in 1980 and 1981 from populations residing in 30 agricultural settlements (having a total population of 16,240). These sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against 15 different antigens of Legionella species (L. pneumophila serogroups 1–8 and seven other Legionella, i.e. bozemanii, gormanii, micdadei, jordanis, dumoffii, longbeacheae and oakridgensis). The results indicate a significant (P < 0.02) excess in the percentage of sera positive for L. pneumophila (serogroups 1–8) among sewage and non-sewage irrigation and fish pond workers as compared to the control group (4.5% vs 1.5%). For the other Legionella species, there was no difference among the above groups. The isolation of L. pneumophila serogroup 4 and five organisms resembling Legionella spp from one oxidation pond used for irrigation strengthens the seroepidemiological findings.     

世界PVC产业在调整中发展

本文简要介绍了近几年美欧日等主要工业发达国家聚氯乙烯(PVC)生产商的重组、兼并以及强强联合的情况,世界PVC10大生产商的排名,以及西欧、日本PVC生产商和产量,同时预测了世界各地区PVC的增长情况。     

Factors Affecting 1-Octen-3-ol in Mushrooms at Harvest and During Postharvest Storage

Harvesting experiments revealed that immature whole mushrooms with closed veils had higher 1-octen-3-0l levels than more mature whole mushrooms with open veils. The l-octen-3-01 content of the gills was higher in immature mushrooms with closed veils, gradually decreased with maturity as the veil opened, and finally increased after the gills were well exposed. Postharvest experiments demonstrated that storage temperature influenced the activity of lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase, but no differences in 1-octen-3-01 content were observed. Enzyme activity as well as 1-octen-3-01 content decreased during storage. Addition of calcium chloride to irrigation water, employed to improve quality and shelf life of fresh mushrooms, increased the amount of l-octen-3-01 immediately after harvest.     

在振动磨中PVC的降解及与MMA共聚反应的研究

考察了温度、振幅、钢球直径等对ＰＶＣ在振动磨中降解的影响，确定ＰＶＣ力化学降解为无规断链过程。用力化学方法在振动磨中合成了ＭＭＡ－ＰＶＣ共聚物，通过ＩＲ和ＮＭＲ对ＭＭＡ－ＰＶＣ共聚物结构进行了鉴定，研究了ＰＶＣ／ＭＭＡ配比和振磨时间对共聚反应产率及共聚物组成的影响。热失重分析、ＳＥＭ观察和冲击强度测定结果表明，ＭＭＡ－ＰＶＣ共聚物比ＰＶＣ具有较高的热稳定性；ＭＭＡ－ＰＶＣ共聚物对ＰＶＣ／ＰＨＭＡ（聚甲基丙烯酸己酯）体系有增容作用     

脉冲激光淀积高电流密度的YBCO超导带材

采用脉冲激光加辅助离子源的方法在长为６．０ｃｍ的ＮｉＣｒ合金基带上制备０．１３μｍ厚的Ｙ－ＺｒＯ２（ＹＳＺ）隔离层，再用脉冲激光在ＹＳＺ／ＮｉＣｒ带上制备１．５μｍ厚的ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－ｘ超导厚膜形成ＹＢＣＯ／ＹＳＺ／ＮｉＣｒ超导带材。实验测得在７７Ｋ，０Ｔｅｓｌａ下其临界电流密度为８．７５×１０４Ａ／ｃｍ２，超导转变温度为８８．６Ｋ。