PZT陶瓷的氢致滞后断裂

ＰＺＴ压电陶瓷单边缺口恒载荷试样两面镀镍后在ＮａＯＨ溶液中动态充氢时能发生氢致滞后断裂．研究了氢致滞后断裂门槛应力强度因子和试样中可扩散氢浓度的定量关系．结果表明,氢致断裂归一化门槛应力场强度因子ＫＩＨ/ＫＩＣ(ＫＩＣ＝１．３４Ｍｐａ·ｍ１/２)随氢浓度对数的升高而线性下降,即ＫＩＨ/ＫＩＣ＝０．４－０．１５５ｌｎＣｏ．当Ｃｏ＝９．８４×１０－４%(对应充氢电流３００ｍＡ/ｃｍ２)时,ＫＩＨ＝０．０１ＫＩＣ．这表明,ＰＺＴ陶瓷具有极高的氢致开裂敏感性．     

Damage diagnostics on a welded zone of a steel truss member using an active sensing network system

In this paper, a sensor network system based on an active sensing scheme is introduced to identify cracks, which may occur at a welded zone of a steel truss member. The active sensing network system offers special potential for real world applications, as it is light, cheap, and useful as a built-in system. Four pairs of pitch–catch Lamb wave signals are utilized from the active sensing network system. In order to extract damage-sensitive features from the dispersive Lamb waves, a robust wavelet transform is applied to the original response signals. Peak values in the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the A₀ Lamb mode are only considered for application to the damage index. The root-mean-square change of the peak values due to damage is proposed as a damage index. In addition, a least-squares curve-fitting algorithm is applied to the damage indices in order to obtain a practical damage indicator with a threshold value that presents the damage tolerance. Finally, damage localization is carried out by investigating the change rates of the damage index according to each damage step. The applicability of the proposed methods has been demonstrated by an experimental study.     

PZT超细陶瓷微粒／硬脂酸复合LB膜及超薄膜的制备和性能研究

用胶体化学的方法获得PZT溶胶，利用LB技术制备PZT超细陶瓷微粒／硬脂酸复合LB膜，热处理后得到PZT超薄膜。由π-A曲线确定了具体的拉膜工艺参数和条件，由紫外．可见吸收光谱和AFM照片对复合LB膜和超薄膜进行表征和性能检测。结果表明：超薄膜中PZT超微粒排布较均匀，覆盖度较高；复合膜层均匀，在194nm和256nm处均有较强的吸收峰。     

PZT陶瓷表面金属化的研究──（Ⅳ）后处理的实施及其作用

利用化学镀方法在ＰＺＴ陶瓷表面制得的镀镍层，必须经过后处理才能最后完成ＰＺＴ陶瓷表面金属化过程，以制成合用的镍电极。后处理包括电镀镍及低温、高温热处理等步骤。本文报导了这种后处理的实施过程、控制条件及其结果，并讨论了后处理对于ＰＺＴ陶瓷表面金属化及对ＰＺＴ陶瓷元器件的电学性能的影响。     

Interfacial reactions in PZT/Pd/PZT sandwich structures

The interfacial reactions of palladium foil and lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) were studied using samples with a sandwich structure in the temperature range 1373–1523 K and under conditions where no lead is lost to the environment. The interfacial reactions were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The density of the PZT powder phase increased with increasing temperature and, when sintered above 1373 K, reached over 95% of the theoretical density of PZT. The weight loss of pellets was less than 0·8% when sintered below 1523 K. The degree of interfacial reactions became more severe with increasing temperature, as indicated by an expanding reacted region. The reaction at the PZT side of the Pd/PZT interface involved the decomposition of PZT into a monoclinic ZrO₂ phase, PbO and a lower x-value Pb(Zr_xTi₁__x)O₃ composition. Three distinguishable microstructures exist on the Pd side when sintered below 1473 K: a thin layer of PbPd₃ phase, a Pd–Pb solid solution zone and an unreacted region. Only the cubic PbPd₃ eutectic structure was found when sintered above 1473 K. The oxidation of palladium occurred during interfacial reactions, expedited by increasing temperature and resulting in the formation of the tetragonal PdO phase and the hexagonal PbPdO₂ phase. A model for the overall reaction is proposed involving decomposition of the PZT, migration of PbO and diffusion of Pb into Pd foil.     

精密进给控制系统及其在磨床上的应用研究

介绍了一种新型应用于精密磨削的精密进给控制系统。该系统采用基于信号处理及特殊算法的闭环控制系统。目前,已经完成系统的调试工作,系统能够达到预期目标。实验结果证明,精密进给系统定位精度可控制在0·05μm以内,响应时间为70ms,应用于磨床加工,归零误差实验结果较为理想,且该控制系统具有成本低、体积小、可靠性好、抗干扰能力强、应用灵活等特点。还详细描述了精密进给控制系统在磨床上的工作原理和应用方案。     

共聚焦激光扫描荧光显微镜扫描系统研制

为适应三维光学微细加工及三维光学信息存储研究的需要,研制了共聚焦激光扫描荧光显微镜的工作台式扫描系统,扫描范围138μm×138μm.工作台采用压电陶瓷驱动器( PZT actuator)驱动的方式来获得高分辨率的位移,采用带柔性铰链的杠杆放大装置来获得较大的位移范围.描述了工作台的工作原理,并对其静态和动态性能进行了测试,实验表明这一扫描系统能很好的应用于共聚焦激光扫描荧光显微镜系统.     

基于PZT压电薄膜的压力传感器工艺研究

选用敏感材料锆钛酸铅(PZT),优化微机电系统(MEMS)微加工工艺,制作了硅基PZT压电薄膜叉指式电极结构的MEMS压力传感器。在基体Au/Ti/LNO/SiO_2/Si<100>上,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法,在650℃高温下采用分层退火的方式进行退火,得到厚1.2μm的PZT压电薄膜。薄膜表面均匀,无裂纹。利用光刻工艺和低压溅射工艺得到平行叉指电极。制作完成PZT压电薄膜结构的微压力传感器,在弹性薄膜上施加压力,其电压输出性能较好,说明基于压电薄膜的叉指电极结构可行,为基于纳米纤维结构的微压力传感器的制作奠定了理论基础。     

基于压电材料的钢筋砼-钢组合塔筒损伤监测

钢筋混凝土-钢组合塔筒作为一种新型的风电塔架形式,其混凝土段的开裂对其使用寿命具有重要影响,对其混凝土段的开裂进行监测具有重要意义。该文提出了一种基于压电陶瓷激励的应力波测量的钢筋混凝土塔段的开裂监测方法,以某钢筋混凝土-钢塔筒缩尺模型为对象,以布置在钢筋混凝土塔筒表面的压电陶瓷片为激励器,利用布置在钢筋混凝土塔筒不同高度位置的压电陶瓷片作为传感器,实现在不同水平往复加载下的应力波的测量。对混凝土塔段从裂缝开始出现直至构件最终破坏整个过程各压电陶瓷片的响应进行分析,并定义损伤指标。结果表明,定义的指标不仅可较好反应裂缝实际出现位置,且与加载等级相关,所提出的监测方法可对钢筋混凝土塔段裂缝的发生和发展过程进行有效监测。     

掺杂铌和钴元素的PZT薄膜的残余应力测定

锆钛酸铅(PZT)薄膜具有优异的压电性能,是制作微机电系统(MEMS)振动式能量收集器的理想材料。在溶胶-凝胶法制备PZT薄膜的过程中产生的残余应力会对能量收集器有负面影响。该文利用X线衍射法对在退火温度分别为650℃、700℃、750℃、800℃下掺杂铌(Nb)和钴(Co)元素的PZT薄膜样品的残余应力进行了测定。实验结果表明,PZT薄膜样品中的残余应力表现为压应力,从650℃升高到750℃的过程中,随着退火温度的升高薄膜中的残余应力增大;直到750℃附近后,残余应力基本保持稳定。