NASA系列雪参数反演算法在单像元内的时间序列验证与分析

NASA系列算法(Chang,NASA96和Foster算法)是被动微波遥感反演雪深、雪水当量的简单、实用的经验算法,并经过了很多学者大范围的算法验证和改进。为了进一步评价NASA系列算法在东北地区的时空适用性,于长春净月潭区域选定了一个以农田和森林为主的10km×10km被动微波遥感混合像元,在时间上连续观测整个干雪期(2014年12月至次年2月)的积雪参数和气象数据,结合FY3B卫星搭载的微波成像仪(MWRI)亮温数据,对NASA系列算法精度进行了评价分析。结果表明:对于雪深的反演,Chang算法和NASA 96算法前期反演效果较好,后期随着时间的推进高估雪深的趋势愈加明显。由于考虑了森林覆盖率的影响,NASA 96算法的反演精度更高。两种算法最大高估值分别是24.46和14.62cm,这是因为期间雪性质不断变化,尤其是雪粒径不断增大的缘故。Foster算法也严重高估了雪水当量,可能是由于积雪类型的分类系统未必适合于东北地区的积雪特征。本文的积雪连续观测数据为认识东北地区的积雪特性奠定了基础,对算法的时间序列验证与分析为雪参数反演算法的进一步改进提供了可靠依据。     

浅析广电数字双向网络改造中的EPON技术应用

以太无源先网络是一个专门应用于接入网的技术.采用点到多点的网络拓扑结构,在一芯光纤上利用上下行两个波传输数据,下行数据采用广播方式的时分复用方式,上行数据采用时分多址接入的方式,达到利用光纤实现数据、语音和视频多种业务接入的目的.     

Low-valence ion addition induced more compact passive films on nickel-copper nano-coatings

Ni-Cu nano-coatings were prepared by pulsed electroplating technique in the baths containing various amount of boric acid. Their microstructure, morphologies and corrosion resistance were characterized in detail. The addition of boric acid strongly influences on the microstructure of the Ni-Cu coatings. The coating with a grain size of 130 nm, obtained from the bath containing 35 g L⁻¹ boric acid, shows the highest corrosion resistance. This is attributed to the low-valence Cu ion (Cu⁺) additions in nickel oxide, which could significantly decrease the oxygen ion vacancy density in the passive film to form a more compact passive film. The higher Cu⁺ additions and the lower diffusivity of point defects (D₀) are responsible for the formation of more compact passive film on the coating obtained from the bath with 35 g L⁻¹ boric acid.     

Development of a tundra-specific snow water equivalent retrieval algorithm for satellite passive microwave data

Airborne and satellite brightness temperature (T_B) measurements were combined with intensive field observations of sub-Arctic tundra snow cover to develop the framework for a new tundra-specific passive microwave snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval algorithm. The dense snowpack and high sub-grid lake fraction across the tundra mean that conventional brightness temperature difference approaches (such as the commonly used 37 GHz-19 GHz) are not appropriate across the sub-Arctic. Airborne radiometer measurements (with footprint dimensions of approximately 70 × 120 m) acquired across sub-Arctic Canada during three field campaigns during the 2008 winter season were utilized to illustrate a slope reversal in the 37 GHz T_B versus SWE relationship. Scattering by the tundra snowpack drives a negative relationship until a threshold SWE value is reached near 130 mm at which point emission from the snowpack creates a positive but noisier relationship between 37 GHz T_B and SWE.The change from snowpack scattering to emission was also evident in the temporal evolution of 37 GHz T_B observed from satellite measurements. AMSR-E brightness temperatures (2002/03-2006/07) consistently exhibited decreases through the winter before reaching a minimum in February or March, followed by an increase for weeks or months before melt. The cumulative absolute change (Σ|Δ37V|) in vertically polarized 37 GHz T_B was computed at both monthly and pentad intervals from a January 1 start date and compared to ground measured SWE from intensive and regional snow survey campaigns, and climate station observations. A greater (lower) cumulative change in |Δ37V| was significantly related to greater (lower) ground measured SWE (r² = 0.77 with monthly averages; r² = 0.67 with pentad averages). Σ|Δ37V| was only weakly correlated with lake fraction: monthly r² values calculated for January through April 2003-2007 were largely less than 0.2. These results indicate that this is a computationally straightforward and viable algorithmic framework for producing tundra-specific SWE datasets from the complete satellite passive microwave record (1979 to present).     

Simulations of lateral mixing in cross-channel flow

Cross flow phenomena between connected sub-channels are studied by means of numerical simulations based on lattice-Boltzmann discretization. The cross (that is lateral) transfer is largely due to macroscopic instabilities developing at two shear layers. The characteristic size and advection velocity of the instabilities favorably compare with experimental results from the literature on a geometrically similar system. The strength of the cross flow strongly depends on the Reynolds number, with cross flow developing only for Reynolds numbers (based on macroscopic flow quantities) larger than 1360. Mass transfer between the sub-channels has been assessed by adding a passive scalar to the flow and solving its transport equation. As a result of the intimate connection of cross flow and lateral mass transfer, also the mass transfer coefficient is a pronounced function of Re.     

Passive control of uncertain multiple input-delayed systems using reduction method

In order to conveniently analyze stability of uncertain multiple input-delayed closed-loop systems and successfully synthesize passive controllers for a general class of uncertain multiple input-delayed systems with disturbance, the so-called reduction method is applied to the multiple input-delayed systems with parametric uncertainties. A feedback controller associated with the system state and the past control action is designed to guarantee the passivity of the closed-loop systems for all admissible uncertainties. The theoretical findings are illustrated and verified with one numerical example.     

基于MSP430的二线制高精度表头设计

针对传统的二线制表头在高温下测量精度差、温漂大的特点,提出了一种在高温下的高精度数显表头的设计方案。分别介绍了其软硬件的实现方法,即采用超低功耗微处理器MSP430F4250采集回路中的电流值,采用24位ADC转换器ADS1244进行模数转换,最后将经过运算的变送器输出信号值在LED数码管中加以显示。实测结果证明,该表头在高温下测量精度高、工作可靠、抗干扰性强、实用性强,势必会成为无源二线制仪表的发展方向。     

无源二线制智能数字显示表的设计与实现

为了解决LCD在黑暗环境下无法显示的问题,设计并开发了无源二线制智能数字显示表。该无源二线制智能数字显示表采用TI公司生产的MSP430FE427单片机进行控制,详细介绍了其工作原理和实现技术。该仪表能够在没有表头以及外接直流电源的情况下,通过显示模块对二线制传感器检测到的工业参数进行显示;具有精度高、配置灵活、稳定性好等特点,适合用作工业现场的显示单元。     

配用电通信平台实现技术及应用

针对配用电领域的接入层通信特点,提出了融合多种通信方式的配用电通信平台实现技术.分析了通信接入平台的功能模型,实现不同通信类型终端的统一接入与管理.实践证明,采用该技术可灵活组建和部署通信接入方式,从而满足了配用电自动化系统的各种业务综合接入需求.     

The effects of temperature, relative humidity and reducing gases on the ultraviolet response of ZnO based film bulk acoustic-wave resonator

This study investigated the influence of temperature, relative humidity and reducing gases on the ultraviolet (UV) response of ZnO based film bulk acoustic-wave resonator (FBAR). As temperature increased, the UV response of the FBAR degraded. This was attributed to the softening of the ZnO film with increasing temperature. Water molecules can replace adsorbed oxygen on the ZnO surface. At high relative humidity, more oxygen was replaced by water. In this way, the density of the ZnO film increased and less oxygen was left on the surface to be desorbed by UV, both of which contributed to a lower UV response. Reducing gases, such as acetone, can react with the surface adsorbed oxygen and reduce the density of the ZnO film, resulting in UV response degradation.