不锈钢在湿法磷酸中腐蚀行为研究

本文采用腐蚀实验和电化学测试方法对不锈钢在湿法磷酸中的腐蚀行为进行了研究，并进行钝化膜的组成与结构分析。研究表明，磷酸中加入ＳＯ４＾２＾－，ｃＬ＾－，Ｆ＾－均提高合金的维钝电流密度和致纯电流浓度，加速材料的腐蚀，这些杂质共存时腐蚀性更大。湿法磷酸中存在的Ｓｉ＾４＾＋，Ａｌ＾３＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＾＋和Ｆｅ＾３＾＋起缓蚀作用。不锈钢纯化膜主要由Ｃｒ和Ｆｅ的氧化物组成，表面形成致密稳定的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３保护膜是提     

Tocopherol oil concentration in field-grown sunflower is accounted for by oil weight per seed

Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and perform important biological activities. Significant variations (389 to 1873 μg g oil⁻¹) in the total tocopherol concentration of sunflower seed oil have been reported. The main objectives of this work were to determine the influence of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation on tocopherol concentration during seed filling and to establish and validate relationships between tocopherol concentration in oil and other quality variables of the seed. Seven sunflower hybrids were grown under good water and nutritional conditions in two similar experiments carried out in two contrasting environments. Treatments were applied to modify the amount of radiation intercepted per plant during seed filling in order to obtain a range in oil yield per plant and its components. Greater per plant intercepted radiation decreased the tocopherol concentration in oil. Tocopherol concentration decreased when oil weight per seed increased. Tocopherol concentration stabilized for oil weight per seed higher than 23 mg oil seed⁻¹. This exponential relationship accounted for 73% of the variability in tocopherol concentration (507 to 1203 μg g oil⁻¹) despite differences in hull type, locations, hybrids, and radiation treatments. The proposed relationship acceptably predicted independent results. Crop management techniques could lead to seeds with greater concentrations of tocopherols.     

Passivity behavior of melt-spun Mg–Y Alloys

Several Mg–Y binary ribbons with Y content up to 17.9 at.% were fabricated by melt-spinning. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the phase structure changes with increasing Y content from extended solid solution to partially amorphous, and then fully intermetallic Mg₂₄Y₅. Anodic potentiodynamic polarization performed in 0.01 M NaCl electrolyte (pH=12) revealed improved anodic passivity behavior compared to pure Mg for all the Mg–Y alloys. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the improved passivity of Mg–Y was more related to the elemental oxidation state rather than the concentration of the surface components. To study the effect of Cl⁻ ion on the passivity behavior, anodic potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization were performed on Mg–17.9 at.% Y in alkaline (pH=12) NaCl electrolytes containing Cl⁻ ion in the concentration range from 0.00 to 0.50 M. The passive films formed in 0.01 M NaCl electrolyte were similar to the native film, which were composed of MgO and Y₂O₃. No CO₃²⁻ and Cl⁻ ions were incorporated into the passive film. The passivity was significantly degraded in the electrolytes containing higher Cl⁻ concentration (0.1 and 0.5 M). Detailed XPS revealed that the surface films under these conditions were composed of much hydrated species Mg(OH)₂ and YOOH and/or Y(OH)₃ and CO₃²⁻ was incorporated into the surface film. The incorporation of Y₂O₃ in the passive film was given as the reason for the enhanced passivity properties of Mg–Y ribbons. The mechanism of Cl⁻ and CO₃²⁻ ions to the degradation of the passivity was discussed.     

Air sampling of volatile sex pheromone components in a closed jar

A cotton wool plug, used as the source for pheromone release, was placed in closed 1-quart Mason jars, either at the mouth or at the rear of the jar. Air sampling of the two components of the sex pheromone (total 2.2 mg at the source) of the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) female showed that the saturation period near the source in still air was 20–22 hr and that far from the source was 40–50 hr, reaching a level of less than 1 ng/ml air. The ratio between the components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, designated D, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate designated M, in the air was close to the original ratio for both sampling sites, albeit somewhat richer in the more volatile (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (source 77.023.0 DM, air 73.0– 74.327.0–25.7; source 80.119.9, air 77.622.4; source 25.174.9, air 23.976. 1 DM). The total amount of pheromone per milliliter of air was two to three times larger near the source than far from it at the early stages of the evaporation and saturation process. When the amount of pheromone applied to the source was tripled (7 mg), the amount far from the source was almost tripled, or the saturation time was cut by factor of two to three.     

一种新的第三方双重图像水印算法

提出一种新的第三方双重图像水印算法。该算法依赖于可信任第三方提供的时间戳以及用户的私钥和授权码生成双重水印信息,然后将其嵌入在图像分块除直流分量外的DCT系数上。水印检测时可分别对水印作品时间戳和隶属关系的合法性进行检测。仿真实例和安全分析表明,该算法对嵌入参数敏感,对图像的常规操作具有较好的鲁棒性。在没有第三方的参与下,任何用户都不能构造和检测出合法的水印信息,这限制了恶意盗版者进行分析和攻击的一些前提条件,保证了水印系统的安全。     

Si基薄膜太阳电池绒面ZGO透明导电膜的研究

采用孪生对靶直流磁控溅射的方法在室温下制备高质量的Ga掺杂ZnO(ZGO)透明导电薄膜,用HCl腐蚀的方法获得满足光散射特性的绒面ZGO薄膜。制备的ZGO样品为具有六角纤锌矿结构的多晶膜,具有(002)方向的择优取向。腐蚀后,绒面ZGO薄膜的晶粒度减小,电阻率基本不变。在可见光范围内,绒面ZGO的反射率比平面ZGO的反射率下降了10%左右。将绒面ZGO薄膜应用于p-i-n型非晶Si薄膜太阳电池中,有效提高了太阳电池性能,使得电池的短路电流提高到17.79 mA/cm2,电池的转换效率增加到7.23%。     

正置倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池

以MoO3为阳极修饰层,以Rubrene/C60为活性层,制备了正置和倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池。实验结果表明倒置器件的开路电压Voc、短路电流密度Jsc、填充因子FF和功率转换效率η比正置结构的器件分别提高了34%、20%、25%和102%。当插入BCP阴极缓冲层后,阻挡了热的Al原子对C60层的破坏,对倒置器件的性能没有明显的影响,但却显著改善了正置器件的性能,并分析了MoO3和BCP对倒置和正置器件的作用。     

太阳能制冷技术的特点与现状

太阳能制冷具有环保节能的优点．介绍了各种太阳能制冷技术的原理、特点及存在问题,指出提高太阳能的利用效率和降低成本是其实用化的关键所在。     

太阳能集热器及其适用性浅析

对目前常用的平板型、全玻璃真空管及热管式真空管等太阳能集热器的优缺点进行了介绍,并对各种太阳能集热器进行了综合评价,对其在太阳能热水供应、太阳能采暖和太阳能空调系统中的适用性进行了分析,为太阳能集热器的选择提供了参考.     

太阳能跨季节储热耦合热泵系统性能影响因素分析

通过建立太阳能跨季节储热耦合热泵系统物理模型和非稳态传热数学模型,利用VisualBasic软件对太阳能跨季节储热耦合热泵系统性能进行了仿真模拟,并对集热器循环水泵启动温度、储热时间段、水箱容积与集热器面积比(V/A)和地下储热循环水泵启动温度等因素对系统性能的影响进行了模拟计算与分析.研究结果表明,在进行太阳能跨季节储热耦合热泵系统设计和系统运行性能分析时,需要综合考虑上述因素的优化配置,以此才能保证系统运行可靠、经济和节能.