Modification of FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt for making high-grade paving asphalt

With the rapid development of modern industry, high-grade paving asphalt is massively required to meet the demands for modern transportation. As one of additives, natural asphalt is indispensable since it can improve the performance of paving asphalt in all aspects. However, the application of non-renewable natural asphalt is increasingly restricted by its limited reserves. It is imperative to find alternative approaches to produce high-grade paving asphalt. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil is an ideal soft component for producing paving asphalt due to its high content of aromatics and resins. However, its bad ageing resistance limits its application to only low-grade paving asphalt. In the present work, a novel approach for producing high-grade paving asphalt was investigated using chemically modified FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt (DOA). The FT-IR and NMR results showed that dehydrogenation and condensation reaction occurred during the ageing process. From a series of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, propanal was selected as a proper modifier to improve the ageing resistance of FCC slurry oil. The propanal-modified slurry oil possessed more substituted aromatic units and less aromatic hydrogen atoms than other modified slurry oils, thus showing better ageing resistance. With the increase of length of aliphatic chains in modifier, the modified slurry oil contained more and longer alkyl substituent group on aromatics. Compared with the cross-linked oil (slurry oil modified by cross-linking agent), modified slurry oil possessed similar ageing resistance but higher flowing ability. Also, the effect of operation conditions on the kinematic viscosity of modified slurry oil were investigated. Blended with modified slurry oil, the penetration ratio of asphalt product increased from 53.7 to 66.2, which met the standard of 70# paving asphalt. Both the microscopic observations and FT-IR results indicated that modification process effectively reduced the oxidation degree of asphalt product, thus increasing the ageing resistance. Consequently, with aid of this process, high-grade paving asphalt was readily produced from low value oil from downstream products of refinery, instead of the depleting natural asphalt.     

陶瓷零件快速成型机升降机构的研究

陶瓷零件是目前研究的热点,基于层合速凝技术的陶瓷零件快速成型机具有广泛的应用价值。针对现有的快速成型机的铺料台升降机构方案,提出了一种改进设计方案,通过Workbench静力学分析,可知铺料台在自身重力及外界载荷作用下,最大变形发生在铺料台中间部分,为增加铺料台的刚度,提出在铺料台下方增加筋板的方案,结果显示铺料台的最大变形量及其连接处的最大应力均有所减小。通过ADAMS仿真分析,结果表明铺料台运行比较平稳,能够满足陶瓷零件的成型工艺要求,为陶瓷零件快速成型机铺料台升降机构的设计和改进提供了新的思路和理论依据。     

呼炼100号道路沥青的改性试验研究

用ＳＢＲ对呼炼的１００号道路石油沥青进行了改性试验研究。１００号道路石油沥青中加入适量的ＳＢＲ改性剂后，沥青的质量有了明显改善，主要指标达到了日本橡胶沥青的规格要求和ＧＢ／Ｔ１５１８０高等级道路沥青的技术要求。     

交通部新规范A级沥青的生产技术探讨

初步的研究试验表明,针对交通部新修订的JTGF40-2004《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》提出的“道路石油沥青技术要求”,合理组织生产工艺,选择性添加少量外掺剂,沥青生产企业可以实现新规范最高档次沥青产品的批量生产。     

管道铺设的优化模型

针对石油化工企业间共同铺设利用输油管道来达到降低成本的过程中遇到的最优方案设计等方面的相关问题,利用运筹学优化及图论方面的相关理论知识,制定了一套切实可行、容易实施、降低成本的方案。     

辽曙沥青老化行为的研究

研究了符合Q/SHR0 0 4- 1998标准高等级道路沥青AH - 70、AH - 90的老化行为。结果表明 ,沥青老化后 ,沥青质含量增加 ,胶质和芳香分含量减小 ,饱和分由于轻组分裂化和挥发 ,含量也降低 ,由于沥青老化后组分发生变化 ,导致其使用性能变坏。沥青老化过程中 ,沥青胶体不稳定指数 (Ic)对沥青老化条件很敏感 ,沥青胶体不稳定指数随老化温度的升高和老化时间的延长而增加 ,所以可用沥青胶体不稳定指数及胶体不稳定指数变化率的快慢来评价沥青的老化性能。沥青老化过程中 ,沥青的粘度随老化时间的延长近似呈指数关系增加 ,所以可用沥青老化指数来评价其老化性能     

灰色系统理论在研究沥青老化中的应用

灰色系统理论提出了一种新的分析方法 ,称为系统的关联度分析方法。采用灰色系统理论研究了道路沥青老化后的组成变化与反映沥青的理化性能的针入度、软化点和反映沥青感温性能的针入度指数PI、当量软化点T80 0 、当量脆点T1.2 以及反映沥青抗老化性能的粘度、胶体不稳定指数Ic 变化的关系。关联度分析结果表明 ,影响它们的主要因素是沥青质含量的变化和胶体结构的变差。实验首次从数学的角度研究了沥青组成变化与沥青理化性能变化的关系 ,研究结果与经验分析的结果基本一致     

沥青改进剂对辽曙渣油性能的改善

分析了几种高芳烃、低蜡组分调和油的族组成,研究了这些调和油对辽曙一区A块原油减压渣油的影响。研究结果表明,抚顺石油一厂加工过程中产生的高芳香分(质量分数为44.24%)、低蜡废油可极大地改善道路沥青的性能,尤其是低温性能,如5℃的针入度指标等。用该油作为道路沥青改进剂,以辽曙一区A块原油减压渣油作为基础沥青可研制出符合中石化Q/SHR003-1998(1号)、Q/SHR004-1998(2号)标准的高等级道路沥青。以该改进剂对辽曙一区减压渣油影响的数据进行线性关联得出该改进剂对辽曙一区减压渣油影响的数学模型,可对道路沥青的工业化生产进行指导。     

A two-dimensional paving mesh generator for triangles with controllable aspect ratio and quadrilaterals with high quality

Certain classes of problems result in solution fields of which the characteristic length scales vary with the orientation. Often the orientation of these length scales is related to the orientation of the boundaries. Such solution fields can be captured by the finite element method, using a mesh that is refined in the direction of the short length scales and coarse in the other directions. These meshes contain elements with high aspect ratios in a predefined pattern.The mesh generator presented here can render triangles with high aspect ratios through a paving algorithm. The paving algorithm that is employed applies both triangles and quadrilaterals, combining the advantages of both to render a qualitatively good, oriented triangular mesh, with a concentration of elements in the direction where the internal length scales of the solution field are the shortest.The mesh generator produces triangles with one (almost) orthogonal corner. When low aspect ratio triangles are generated, these are well suited for conversion to quadrilateral elements. Test results indicate that quadrilateral meshes converted from the mesh generator introduced here have a considerably better quality than those converted from several other triangular mesh generators.     

聚酯玻纤布在公路罩面工程中的应用

针对现在公路罩面工程中常用的防裂材料使用效果不理想且与罩面材料相容性差的问题,通过室内试验方法对新型防裂材料聚酯玻纤布的材料特性、加固机理、防裂性能进行分析,得出其路用性能良好,与沥青的相容性好且具有防水功能的特点,在今后路面防裂处理工程中应用前景广阔。