基于集成学习的离子通道药物靶点预测

新药研制成功的关键在于药物靶点的发现和准确定位.在已知的药物靶点中,离子通道蛋白是一类广受欢迎的靶点,它与免疫系统、心血管等疾病密切相关.对于靶点的发现,传统生物方法成本高、耗时久.因此,探讨了基于机器学习的离子通道蛋白药物靶点的挖掘,以加快药物靶点发现过程,节约经费.由于药物靶点相关序列的长度不一致,考虑了蛋白质序列编码的13种特征,它们能将不等长的蛋白质序列转化成等长序列.通过数值实验筛选能够较好地区分靶点和非靶点的特征子集,并采用集成学习的方法整合特征得到预测模型.通过与已有工作的比较表明,提出的集成模型能得到较高的准确率,具有很好的应用前景.     

中束流离子注入机工艺实现原理

粒子高速冲击其他材料并进入其中叫作离子注入。在半导体工业中,这个过程用来向纯净衬底上掺杂杂质而形成半导体。半导体工艺中这个特别的步骤是由一种特殊的粒子加速装置完成,这就是离子注入机。     

聚合物在离子选择电极上的应用

本文概述了聚合物膜离子选择电极的发展,制备、应用等方面的研究情况;将聚合物膜离子选择电极分为固态膜类和液态膜类,分别对其优缺点和发展前景加以分析;并讨论了聚合物在敏感膜中的作用,以及聚合物结构对敏感膜性能的可能影响。     

CrAlN coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation at different substrate bias

CrAlN is a good candidate as an alternative to conventional CrN coatings especially for high temperature oxidation-resistance applications. Different CrAlN coatings were deposited on hardened steel substrates by cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) from chromium-aluminum targets in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere at negative substrate bias between − 50 and − 400 V. The negative substrate bias has important effects on the deposition growth rate and crystalline structure. All our coatings presented hardness higher than conventional CrN coatings. The friction coefficient against alumina and tungsten carbide balls was around 0.6. The sliding wear coefficient of the CrAlN coatings was very low while an important wear was observed in the balls before a measurable wear were produced in the coatings. This effect was more pronounced as the negative substrate bias was increased.     

Surface modification of biodegradable plastics by ion beams

Biodegradable plastics can be used as conventional plastics, while on disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms existing in natural environment. Products using biodegradable plastics have recently been developed in many companies pursuing ecology. In this study, surface modification of biodegradable plastics was carried out by inert ion beams for improvement of photo deterioration under an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of biodegradable plastics tended generally to decrease with irradiation of an ultraviolet ray. In this method, the hardness of ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics was kept at an initial value under an ultraviolet ray, because the modified layer by ion bombardment intercepted an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of He⁺ ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics showed larger value than that of Ar⁺ ion bombardment. He⁺ ion bombardment at ion energy of 10 keV produced the suitable property with both of high transmittance of a visible ray and high interception of an ultraviolet ray in a surface layer of biodegradable plastics.     

SIMS investigations of isotope effects at a processed solid surface

A review of the latest research and the new experimental data obtained by the authors on changes in the isotope composition in the near-surface layers of solids in ion scattering processes, ion sputtering, the secondary ion emission, ion implantation, electrolytic saturation by hydrogen isotopes, thermo-diffusion from external source, and chemical solution action is presented. In all these processes appreciable changes in natural isotopic composition of the near-surface layers have been registered. These changes take place among the secondary emitted and reflected particles also. Investigations of these effects have been made by the methods of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and secondary ion energy-mass spectrometry (SIEMS). The many-isotopic samples of molybdenum, nickel implanted in copper, various titanium modifications, thin film titanium-aluminum systems and some others have been used. The general regularities in the changes in the isotope composition by different processes are found. Possible mechanisms of these processes are discussed.     

Material properties and growth control of undoped and Sn-doped In2O3 thin films prepared by using ion beam technologies

Undoped (IO) and Sn-doped In₂O₃ (ITO) films have been deposited on glass and polymer substrates by an advanced ion beam technologies including ion-assisted deposition (IAD), hybrid ion beam, ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD), and ion-assisted reaction (IAR). Physical and chemical properties of the oxide films and adhesion between films and substrates were improved significantly by these technologies. By using the IAD method, non-stoichiometry and microstructure of the films were controlled by changing assisted oxygen ion energy and arrival ratio of assisted oxygen ion to evaporated atoms. Relationships between structural and electrical properties in ITO films on glass substrates were intensively investigated by using the IBSD method with changing ion energy, reactive gas environment, and substrate temperature. Smooth-surface ITO films (R_rms ≤ 1 nm and R_p-v ≤ 10 nm) for organic light-emitting diodes were developed with a combination of deposition conditions with controlling microstructure of a seed layer on glass. IAR surface treatment enormously enhanced the adhesion of oxide films to polymer substrate. The different dependence of IO and ITO films' properties on the experimental parameters, such as ion energy and oxygen gas environment, will be intensively discussed.     

MEVVA离子源凸形引出电极的研制

介绍了金属蒸气真空弧(Metal vaporvacuumarc,MEVVA)离子源的凸形引出电极的研制.研究表明,凸形引出电极可以完成离子束的强制发散功能,从而在较短的引出距离和较小的引出电极面积的条件下得到大的束斑和均匀可应用的束流分布.通过对几种不同的电极结构的比较研究,得到了满足应用要求的凸形引出电极.     

Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests for Arsenate Removal in Iron Oxide Packed Bed Columns

Arsenate breakthrough in column studies with a porous granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) was investigated in model waters and groundwaters. In this study, the use of rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) initially designed for simulating the removal of organic compounds by granular activated carbon was extended for arsenate adsorption onto GFH. Adsorption kinetic studies and a comparison of laboratory RSSCT performance versus pilot-scale performance suggests that proportional diffusivity (PD) RSSCT scaling approaches are more valid than constant diffusivity (CD) approaches for arsenate onto GFH. Adsorption densities from column tests (qcolumn) were calculated at the point in the breakthrough curve when arsenate equaled 10 μg/L in the column effluent. For a simulated 2.5 min empty-bed contact time (EBCT), a model water (pH=8.6) had qcolumn values of 0.99 to 1.5 mgAs/gGFH versus 0.02 to 0.28 mgAs/gGFH with a comparable pH and EBCT in a natural groundwater. The differences were attributed to the silica, phosphate, vanadium, and other adsorbable inorganics in the groundwater. At pH 7.6 to 7.8, qcolumn values from PD-RSSCTs in the three natural waters were comparable (1.5±0.3 mgAs/gGFH) and higher than CD-RSSCT qcolumn values (0.57±0.26 mgAs/gGFH) in the three natural waters. All the RSSCTs captured changes in water quality (source water and pH) and operational regimes (e.g., EBCTs) and could be used to aid in the selection and design of arsenic removal media for full-scale treatment facilities.     

Effect of electric charge accumulation on low energy ion implantation in insulators

Charge accumulation at the surface of insulators during low energy ion implantation is related to two processes: ion impinging on the sample and secondary electron emission. Samples composed of a piece of Si (having the size of the ion beam) fixed on the centre of polyethylene (PE) coupons have been implanted with 2.2 keV H₂ ions to a fluence of 2 × 10¹⁶ H/cm². ERD (Elastic Recoil Detection) depth profiles of the implanted ions are shallower with an increase of the PE coupon size. The relative critical Si/PE size to repel all the incident ions is around 1.1 × 1.1 cm²/2.5 × 2.5 cm². The potential of the secondary electron suppressor has been varied from −500 V to +500 V. It changes the secondary electron distribution around the implanted area and, consequently, affects the accumulation of charges at the sample surface. When the potential is 0 V, a uniform ion implantation with little effect of charge accumulation for all sizes of PE coupons is obtained. A two-dimension model has been performed and gives a good explanation for the mechanism of the electric charge neutralisation.