庄平3井低固相低伤害完井液体系研究与试验

针对西峰油田特低渗透油层，通过对储层的物性特征、储层敏感性矿物、地层水性质的分析研究和室内敏感性评价实验，初步搞清了钻井完井液对特低渗透储层的伤害机理，确定了完井液施工措施，并研制出一种新型的水平井低伤害完井液体系，在庄平3井进行了试验，应用效果良好。     

变形双重介质煤层气拟稳态渗流问题

在研究变形双重介质煤层气渗流问题的压力动态特征时,不仅考虑了煤层的双重介质特征和煤层气的吸附特征,而且考虑了介质的变形,还引入渗透率模数建立了变形双重介质拟稳态渗流的定产量内边界的无限大地层及有限封闭地层的数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的。对于双重介质拟稳态渗流的数学模型采用直接隐式差分法进行离散,用Newton迭代法求解离散后的非线性方程组,获得了无限大地层及有界封闭地层的双重介质拟稳态渗流模型的数值解。讨论了变形参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律,给出了不同情况下的典型压力曲线图。这些结果为油田开发提供了理论依据和试井方法。     

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智能型高温高压入井流体动态损害评价系统是石油勘探开发中评价油气层损害程度的新型实验仪器，它可以测量岩心受入井流体损害前各分段的原始渗透率值，然后不需取出岩心，就可以直接在模拟储层温度、压力及流速条件下，用泥浆泵驱替高压液体罐中的入井流体，在岩心端面进行动态剪切损害。损害过程完成后，也不需取出岩心，而是通过换向阀门改变流体的流动方向，再由平流泵驱替液体，测量储层岩心受损害后各段的渗透率值。通过对比岩心各分段的渗透率变化情况，即可确定岩心受入井流体损害的深度和程度，从而优选出满足保护油气层需要的钻井液与完井液。此外，还可以进行岩心的各种敏感性实验。该评价系统体积小、造价低、适用范围广、功能强、自动化程度高，克服了因重复装卸岩心所造成的实验误差较大的缺点，与同类实验仪器相比具有明显的先进性和优越性。     

突水过程中颗粒运移对破碎砂岩水力特性影响试验研究

为揭示破碎带条件下的煤矿突水机理,本文利用自发研制的破碎岩体颗粒运移试验系统,开展了一系列突水室内试验,探讨了突水过程中颗粒运移对破碎带砂岩水力特性变化规律及其影响因素.试验结果表明:破碎砂岩渗透率随时间的变化可分4个阶段:震荡增长阶段、快速增长阶段、缓慢增长阶段、稳定阶段;初始孔隙率和水压对试样最终渗透率和孔隙率的大...     

Effect of environmental humidity and coating on aroma transfer through treated papers

Coupled transfers of aroma compounds and water vapour were investigated by varying the relative humidity gradient of storage (50% or 90%) of two paper packaging at 25 °C. These papers differed in their coating surface: both were identically impregnated then supercalendered, and only one was twice coated on both sides with a synthetic barrier substance. Permeability and solubility coefficients were determined. The coating treatment was more effective to decrease the permeabilities of water vapour and ethyl ester than the effect of RH. On the contrary, the RH modified the water content of the treated papers and affected more strongly their permeability and solubility to cis-3-hexenol and benzaldehyde. The cis-3-hexenol transfer through the non-coated paper and the benzaldehyde transfer through the coated paper decreased due to a probable competition with sorbed water although it increases for the cis-3-hexenol of a plasticisation phenomenon.     

Effect of processing route on the properties of Ni-based catalytic filters obtained from natural amorphous silica fibers

In this work catalytic fibrous filters were produced through two distinct processing routes from natural amorphous silica fibers (NASF) and Ni(NO₃)₂ solution (wet route) and NiO (dry route) as catalyst precursors. The Ni–SiO₂ fibers were characterized for X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, particle size distribution, specific surface area, nickel contents, porosity, tortuosity, permeability, compressive strength, degree of dispersion, filtration and gas conversion efficiency. Morphological characterization revealed that Ni from wet route was distributed over the silica fibers with significantly lower particle size than the Ni produced through the dry route. Both methods led to a homogeneous distribution of Ni. The catalytic fibrous filter obtained from the dry route showed higher conversion efficiency for both propylene and propane, especially at high temperatures, due to the higher degree of dispersion of Ni particles over the NASF surfaces.     

Enhancement of the Dissolution and Permeation Rates of Meloxicam by Formation of Its Freeze-dried Solid Dispersions in Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30

ABSTRACT

Freeze-drying (FD) and solvent evaporation (SE) were used to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of meloxicam (MX) in polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP). The SDs were prepared at different ratios, namely 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 MX:PVP weight ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), and x-ray powder diffractometry (XPD) were utilized to characterize the physicochemical properties of the SDs. Meloxicam (MX) in the solid dispersions appeared with less crystallinity form and was present in a complete amorphous form at higher PVP ratio. Dissolution rates of MX as a pure drug, physical mixtures (PMs), and SDs indicated a marked increase of the dissolution rate of MX in presence of PVP. The increase in the dissolution rate was dependent on the ratio of PVP and the method of preparation. In addition, the permeability of the drug through standard cellophane membrane and hairless mouse skin was also evaluated. The permeation rate of MX was significantly increased in the case of SDs and was dependent on the ratio of PVP. The results were primarily due to increase wettability, the solubilization of the drug by the carrier, and formation of MX amorphous form.     

Microstructure and microwave-frequency electromagnetic properties of Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 composites

(x)Ni_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄+(1−x)Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ composite ceramics with x=0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1 were synthesized by solid state reaction method. The high dense composites have only two phases, i.e., Ni_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄ and Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃. The permittivity ε′ of the composites decreases slightly with the frequency increasing from 3 MHz to 1 GHz. The permittivity ε′′ of the composites also shows a little increase with frequency in the 3 MHz–1 GHz range. The permeability displays a relaxation resonance within the 3 MHz–1 GHz frequency range. The permeability μ′ increases while the cut-off frequency decreases with the Ni_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄ concentration, obeying the Snoek's law μ_if_r=constant. The permittivity ε′ of the composites decreases with Ni_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄ concentration. The composites have a relatively higher ε′ than the pure Ni_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄ at 1–10 GHz. In the frequency range of 1–10 GHz, the magnetic permeability μ′ reaches its maximum and μ′′ shows a minimum for the composite with x=0.6 in all ceramics. The permeability μ′ of the composites decreases with dc magnetic field at 1–10 GHz. The permeability shows a domain wall resonance, and the resonance frequency shifts to high frequency with the dc magnetic field. The permittivity was also influenced by the dc magnetic field due to a magnetodielectric effect.     

多注入轮次提高等流度二元驱采收率的实验研究

针对J16块试验区实施二元驱时,存在注入液在不同渗透性地层中推进速度不均匀、驱油效果变差等问题,开展了多注入轮次提高等流度二元驱采收率的室内实验研究。结果表明:在二元体系的成分和用量相同的条件下,不同注入轮次等流度二元驱采收率不同。实验条件下,四轮次注入时化学驱采出程度最高,达到35.2%,高出一轮次7.49%。多轮次注入二元体系较单轮次注入能够更好的控制含水上升速度,长时间维持较高注入压力,更大限度增强等流度驱油效果。     

储层渗透率对天然气开采的影响研究

随着石油开采量的降低,天然气的需求量便日益增长。为了充分开采气田,需要对气田的地质参数以及地质参数对天然气开采的影响有深入的了解,以提高气田的采收率。主要研究储层渗透率对天然气开采的影响,通过前期调研和数值模拟研究发现,稳产时间和采收率跟渗透率成正比关系,渗透率越大稳产时间越长,采收率越高;此外,随着渗透率的增大,稳产时间和采收率的增幅逐渐减小。因此储层渗透率越大,其对天然气开采的影响也就越小。