重油纳米化助燃效果研究与表征

将复配的分散剂加入重油中制备得到重油纳米颗粒，采用氧弹热值对比法对所研制的纳米化重油进行实验室评价。研究结果表明，纳米化后的重油燃烧性能得到了改善，在掺水量为3％～12％时，重油的燃烧效率提高了2．5％～6．1％。通过TEM观察，纳米化后的重油呈水包油（O／W）型乳液结构，油水界面清晰，界面膜较厚，乳化油粒径约为20～50nm，油水分散均匀，并且分散后的重油粘度增幅小，掺水量在15％以内，粘度增幅不超过20％，并且随着掺水量的增加，乳化重油的粘度逐渐减少。另外，乳化重油稳定性好，室温下至少可保存6个月，在80℃下存放3天未发生破乳现象。     

关于成都膨胀土地区边坡稳定性的探讨

成都市三环路建设中 ,膨胀土边坡稳定性研究是大家关心的重要课题。膨胀土边坡土体中的吸力变化直接影响到其稳定性 ,参照“人工神经网络技术”中的吸力经验公式 ,以三环路东一B标段的路堤边坡为例 ,采用“条分法”进行预测分析 ,并有针对性地进行防护处理取得了较好的效果。     

Continuous formation of slurry ice by cooling water–oil emulsion in a tube

Water-silicone oil emulsion with an additive, (C₂H₅O)₃SiC₃H₆NH₂, was examined as a heat storage material. A spiral tube used as a heat exchanger was immersed in a low temperature bath and the emulsion was circulated in the tube to make ice continuously. Ice was separated from the ice–liquid suspension in an outlet tank. The amount of formed ice, the temperatures of the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the temperatures in the tube wall were measured and the overall heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux through the tube were calculated. Experiments were carried out, varying the flow rate, the temperature of cooling brine, and the thickness of tube wall. The condition under which slurry ice was formed continuously without adhesion of ice to the cooling wall was clarified. Though decrease in the thermal resistance of the tube increased the rate of ice formation or raised the brine temperature, it narrowed the range of the flow rate and of the brine temperature in which slurry ice was formed continuously.     

加氢润滑油基础油光安定性研究进展

加氢处理基础油与溶剂精制基础油相比具有硫、氮含量低，颜色浅，粘度指数高，挥发性低，饱和烃含量高，对添加剂的感受性好等优点。但是，加氢处理润滑油基础油的一个明显缺点就是其光安定性差，即在有氧条件下通过光照（有时也需加热），油品颜色加深、透明度变差，继而有絮凝物或沉淀生成。文章综述了国内外有关加氢润滑油基础油光安定性的原因和解决办法的研究进展情况。     

The effect of additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

The effect of a range of organic additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride), both with and without a chloroparaffin extender, was studied using a number of experimental techniques. Of the additives used the best overall balance was provided by pentaerythritol, which increased stability when the extender was present and had no effect when it was absent. The congo red test emerged as the most suitable technique, being consistent and inexpensive and able to screen several additives simultaneously. Isothermal differential thermal analysis correlated with the congo red test but required more expensive equipment, was time-consuming and demanded good mixing of the poly(vinyl chloride) compound to give reproducible results. Thermogravimetry was not sufficiently sensitive and the heat stability test was the least useful of all.     

Stability Criteria of Underground Workings under Zonal Disintegration of Rocks

Using the energy approach as the base, the criteria are developed for brittle rock failure in outcropping in the workings driven in the rock masses of different degree of disturbance. A method is presented for estimating the stability of workings under conditions of zonal disintegration.     

Stability of Standard Electrolytic Conductivity Solutions in Glass Containers

The stability of solutions having an electrolytic conductivity, κ, of 5 μS/cm to 100 000 μS/cm packaged in glass screw-cap bottles, glass serum bottles, and glass ampoules was monitored for 1 year to 2 years. The conductivity was determined by measuring the ac resistance of the solution. Mass loss was also monitored for solutions packaged in bottles. The solutions were prepared using KCl in water (κ ≥100 μS/cm) or KCl in 30 % (by mass) n-propanol 70 % (by mass) water (κ ≤ 15 μS/cm). The conductivity changes were compared by packaging type and by nominal κ. The main causes of the κ changes are evaporation (screw-cap bottles) and leaching (screw-cap bottles, serum bottles, and ampoules). Evaporation is determined from mass loss data; leaching occurs from the glass container with no change in mass. The choice of optimal packaging, which depends on the conductivity level, is the packaging in which κ changes the least with time. Ampoules are the most suitable packaging for standards having nominal κ values of 500 μS/cm to 100 000 μS/cm. Screw-cap bottles are most suitable for standards having a nominal κ of 5 μS/cm to 100 μS/cm.     

THE LAURENCE BISHOP SILVER MEDAL INAUGURAL LECTURE THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT ON THE BREWING PROCESS

Laurence Bishop's contribution to the brewing industry over more than 50 years of research endeavour and committee activities is reviewed. Three research areas — prediction of extract, the effect of turbidity on yeast activity during fermentation and the development of a 3-vessel fermentation system — are used to highlight his achievements. Five topics with which the author was intimately involved, three of which were connected with Laurence Bishop's own researches, are used to describe the author's activities. These concerned the assessment of beer foam, the prediction of beer stability, the assessment of the bittering value of hops, time course changes in the analytical characteristic of an ale fermentation and the use of fractional factorial designs to facilitate experimental programmes.     

Adaptive predictive control algorithm based on Laguerre Functional Model

Laguerre Functional Model has many advantages such as good approximation capability for the variances of system time‐delay, order and other structural parameters, low computational complexity, and the facility of online parameter identification, etc., so this model is suitable for complex industrial process control. A series of successful applications have been gained in linear and non‐linear predictive control fields by the control algorithm based on Laguerre Functional Model, however, former researchers have not systemically brought forward the theoretical analyses of the stability, robustness, and steady‐state performance of this algorithm, which are the keys to guarantee the feasibility of the control algorithm fundamentally. Aimed at this problem, we introduce the principles of the Incremental Mode Linear Laguerre Predictive Control (IMLLPC) algorithm, and then systemically propose the theoretical analyses and proofs of the stability and robustness of the algorithm, in addition, we also put forward the steady‐state performance analysis. At last, the control performances of this algorithm on two different physical industrial plants are presented in detail, and a number of experimental results validate the feasibility and superiority of IMLLPC algorithm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自适应相位制中波同步广播及现场试验

在本试验中，采用智能同步广播激励器和ＣＣＴＶ传输的１ＭＨｚ标频，实现了中波同步广播同频保护率趋于０ｄＢ．并提出了自适应相位跟踪同步的概念。