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81.
采用清洗—碱洗—酸洗工艺对眼镜用精密异型钛材进行真空退火前的预处理,给出了工艺控制条件并进行了讨论。对氢脆的危害进行了探讨,得出了适宜的真空退火条件。试验表明,按确定的真空退火前预处理工艺和真空退火工艺条件处理后的精密异型钛材,能够获得非常光亮的表面,满足后续加工工艺和产品质量要求。 相似文献
83.
84.
The aim of this study is to examine the dye biosorption properties of lichen species called Cladonia convoluta and Evernia prunastri. Since lichens are extensively found in the environment, their suitability as a cheap adsorbent has been investigated in this study. The optimal parameters for textile dye biosorption were also determined. The dried lichen biomass showed better dye biosorption capacity than ash lichen biomass. C. convoluta had better dye biosorption capacity than E. prunastri. Dye biosorption rate was found as 71.41% at optimal conditions. This study concluded that C. convoluta was a successful and cheap biosorbent for treatment of water contaminated by Acid Red P-2BX dye. 相似文献
85.
In this study, corrosion behaviors of carbon steel C1010 in the presence of an acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were examined. Results showed that A. ferrooxidans cells, with or without attaching to C1010 steel, accelerated its corrosion at a rate of 3–6× those of acidic water, at a pH of 2, without cells. A. ferrooxidans oxidized Fe2+ to Fe3+ as an energy source and the produced Fe3+ rapidly oxidized Fe0 to Fe2+ was proposed and verified as the reason. In addition, severe pitting corrosion was found on the C1010 steel surface in solutions containing A. ferrooxidans cells. 相似文献
86.
《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2013,52(3):243-255
AbstractThe toughness of rolled plates of a plain C-Mn steel was evaluated for three sections, at different temperatures, by means of small-scale Wedge Open Loading (WOL) specimens. These were machined to orient the fracture plane parallel to the rolling plane, the transverse plane or the longitudinal plane which, according to the ASTM Standards code (12) are termed the S-L, the L-T and the T-L orientations, respectively. In addition, small tensile specimens having the tensile axis perpendicular to the rolling plane were tested at different temperatures.The plates had been soaked at various temperatures between 1200°C and 680°C (finishing temperatures ~980°C to ~680°C) and then continuously rolled to the final thickness of 3/4-in. (10). The observed toughness depended on finishing temperature and also on specimen orientation; the S-L orientation being the least and the L-T orientation the most tough in any given plate. Brittle fractures were observed on the rolling-plane (S-L orientation) of WOL specimens made from. plates that had been soaked at temperatures ≤800°C (finishing temperatures ≤760°C) and these were attributed to the microstructure and texture. Scanning electron micrographs disclosed that elongated MnS inclusions were principally responsible for the fracture toughness anisotropy for higher soaking and finishing temperatures. Résumé La résistance de plaques laminées d'un acier au carbone et manganèse fut évaluée à differentes températures, selon les trois orientations possibles du plan de rupture par rapport au plan de laminage. Les éprouvettes ont été usinées conformément à une homothétie: reduite de la géométrie WOL (wedge open loading) et de sorte que le plan de rupture soit parallèle au plan de laminage, au plan transversal ou au plan longitudinal Ces orientations sont appelées S-L, L-T, et T-L respectivement, suivant les normes de l'ASTM (12). De plus, de petites éprouvettes de traction dont les axes de traction sont perpendiculaires au plan de laminage, furent expérimentées a differentes températures.Les plaques ont été maintenues à differentes températures entre 1200°C et 680°C (températures finales de 980°C a 680°C), puis laminées en continue jusqu'à une épaisseur finale de 3/4 po. (10). On trouve que la resilience observee depend de la température finale et de 1'orientation de l'eprouvette. L'orientation S-L a été la moins résiliente tandis que 1'orientation L-T a été la plus résiliente de toutes les plaques expérimentées. Des cas de rupture fragile ont été observés sur le plan de laminage (orientation S-L) d' éprouvettes WOL obtenues de plaques ayant été maintenues à des températures ≤ 800°C (températures finales ≤760°C), et ceux-ci sont attribués à la microstructure et la tex ture du rnateriau. Des micrographics obtenues du microscope électronique a balayage révélèrent que des inclusions allongées de MnS étaient en grande partie responsables de l'anisotropie de la résistance a la rupture pour de plus hautes températures de maintien et températures finales. 相似文献
87.
《Food Control》2014
The study established the decimal reduction times at 55 °C (D55 °C values) of acid-adapted and non-adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes in young coconut liquid endosperm. Acid adaptation of the test pathogens was conducted by cultivating cells in a gradually acidifying nutrient broth supplemented with 1% glucose. Results showed that acid adaptation had varying influence on the subsequent thermal resistances of the pathogens. The non-adapted E. coli O157:H7 exhibited the greatest resistance among the tested pathogens with a D55 °C of 23.20 min. Prior adaptation to acidity decreased the D55 °C to 16.16 min. On the other hand, acid adaptation increased the D55 °C values of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes from 8.76 to 10.55 min, and from 7.47 to 18.09 min, respectively. The D55 °C of the non-adapted E. coli O157:H7 was used to establish a pasteurization process schedule with an order of lethality equal to 5-logarithmic (99.999%) reduction. Sensory evaluation revealed that the overall acceptability, color, aroma, coconut flavor, and freshness characteristics of non-pasteurized and pasteurized liquid endosperms were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Moreover, the sensory quality attributes of coconut beverages (80:20 vol/vol endosperm-to-water ratio, soluble solids adjusted to 10 °Brix with sucrose) prepared from both non-pasteurized and pasteurized liquid endosperm samples did not significantly vary. The results obtained from the study may be used in the establishment and validation of thermal process schedules for young coconut liquid endosperm beverages. 相似文献
88.
Tipawan Thongsook Sirilux Chaijamrus 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2014,49(6):1461-1469
Coconut residue or copra meal (CM), a by‐product after pressing cream and oil out of the coconut meat, is a good source of dietary fibre (DF), but high water‐holding capacity (WHC) of CM limits the quantity of fibre incorporated into food products. This study focused on the modification of CM physiochemical properties using acid hydrolysis to improve its potential utilisation as source of food fibres or low‐calories bulk ingredients in food applications. Acid hydrolysis using 0.5% HCl significantly reduced swelling capacity (SC) and water retention capacity, whereas bulk density (BD) and soluble DF content of the modified CM significantly increased. Monosaccharide composition profile, gel penetration profile and FT‐IR spectra indicated the destruction of CM matrix structure. This destruction increased compactness of the structure and lessened the ability of CM to hold water. Substituting the modified CM for wheat flour in bread and cookies significantly improved bread and cookies qualities compared with the use of the untreated CM. Response surface methodology showed that HCl concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time influenced properties of the modified CM. The models predicting their relationships were also generated. 相似文献
89.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(46):25169-25179
The Pre-Caspian basin is one of the most prolific in terms of oil and gas exploration and hydrogen and carbon compounds energy production around the world. The major hydrogen and carbon compounds reservoirs are Carboniferous reef and platform hydrogen-carbonate rocks. The original fluids under subsurface conditions contain 15% hydrogen sulfide and 4% carbon dioxide. Acid hydrogen and carbon compounds reinjection is not only an environmentally friendly solution for disposal of produced greenhouse gases but also enhances oil recovery and supplies more fuel energy. On the other hand, the presence of fractures makes hydrogen-carbonate reservoir characteristics nature more complicated than conventional sandstone reservoirs, which leads to a tremendous challenge to evaluate the gas injection process. In this work, a dual-porosity dual-permeability formulation was used to model the dual-medium nature incorporating matrix system with high porosity and low permeability and fracture network with low porosity and high permeability. After matching PVT experiments, a ten pseudo-components fluid model was generated for running compositional simulation. The miscible hydrogen and carbon compounds injection was simulated as an effective enhanced oil recovery approach. Sensitivity analysis such as timing of injection gas, injection rate, well spacing and completion interval have proposed the optimal condition for the miscible hydrogen and carbon compounds flooding. The recommended optimum hydrogen and carbon compounds injection scenario is twice higher oil recovery compared with natural depletion. The results of this study illustrate further the practicability of pseudo-components splitting and lumping for compositional simulation to evaluate the performance of hydrogen and carbon compounds injection processes, and are of great importance using the dual-porosity dual-permeability method performing numerical simulation of naturally fractured hydrogen-carbonate reservoirs. 相似文献
90.
Dongsheng Chen Longkai Shi Gaoxiang Song 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2019,96(12):1315-1326
Soybean oil gums and soapstocks are important by-products that may potentially be contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POP) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phthalic acid esters (PAE), thus lowering the value when using them as starting materials to produce animal feed additives, food industry ingredients, and pharmaceutical products. In the present work, PAH and PAE distributions in these two types of by-products were detected using solvent extraction–solid phase extraction purification coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total PAH and PAE amounts in the soapstocks were significantly higher than those in the gums, thus indicating that neutralization showed much higher removal efficiency than degumming in terms of PAH and PAE eliminations. Meanwhile, the results proved that the concentrations of these two kinds of contaminants in the soybean oil gums and soapstocks were much higher than those in the soybean oils, suggesting that further investigations were needed and that the contents of PAH and PAE in soybean oil refining by-products should be carefully monitored and regulated. 相似文献