Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate

A novel hydrothermal synthesis was developed to prepare carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate (Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃) powders to be used as cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and constant current charge-discharge cycling. This material exhibits high initial discharge capacity of 178, 173 and 172 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 C between 3.0 and 4.8 V, respectively. Moreover, it displays good fast rate performance, which discharge capacities of 136, 132 and 127 mAh g⁻¹ can be delivered after 100 cycles between 3.0 and 4.8 V versus Li at a different rate of 1, 2 and 5 C, respectively. For comparison, the electrochemical properties of carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate prepared by traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) method are also studied.     

Fabrication and characterization of PEO/PPC polymer electrolyte for lithium‐ion battery

A new poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO/PPC) polymer electrolytes (PEs) have been developed by solution‐casting technique using biodegradable PPC and PEO. The morphology, structure, and thermal properties of the PEO/PPC polymer electrolytes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability window of the PEO/PPC polymer electrolytes were also measured. The results showed that the T_g and the crystallinity of PEO decrease, and consequently, the ionic conductivity increases because of the addition of amorphous PPC. The PEO/50%PPC/10%LiClO₄ polymer electrolyte possesses good properties such as 6.83 × 10^?5 S cm^?1 of ionic conductivity at room temperature and 4.5 V of the electrochemical stability window. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis and electrical properties of the (PVA)0.7(KI)0.3·xH2SO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 5) polymer electrolytes and their performance in a primary Zn/MnO2 battery

Solid acid polymer electrolytes (SAPE) were synthesised using polyvinyl alcohol, potassium iodide and sulphuric acid in different molar ratios by solution cast technique. The temperature dependent nature of electrical conductivity and the impedance of the polymer electrolytes were determined along with the associated activation energy. The electrical conductivity at room temperature was found to be strongly depended on the amorphous nature of the polymers and H₂SO₄ concentration. The ac (100 Hz to 10 MHz) and dc conductivities of the polymer electrolytes with different H₂SO₄ concentrations were analyzed. A maximum dc conductivity of 1.05 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ has been achieved at ambient temperature for electrolytes containing 5 M H₂SO₄. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric and electrical modulus properties of the SAPE were studied. The charge transport in the present polymer electrolyte was obtained using Wagner's polarization technique, which demonstrated the charge transport to be mainly due to ions. Using these solid acid polymer electrolytes novel Zn/SAPE/MnO₂ solid state batteries were fabricated and their discharge capacity was calculated. An open circuit voltage of 1.758 V was obtained for 5 M H₂SO₄ based Zn/SAPE/MnO₂ battery.     

催化剂在磁场作用下对针状焦的影响

通过添加无机、有机催化剂和磁场,研究了不同条件下制备的针状焦的结构与性能。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗（EIS）分析方法表征了不同制备条件下针状焦的结构与性能的关系。结果表明：向煤沥青中添加氯化铁（FeCl3）或对甲苯磺酸（FTSA）和六次甲基四胺（HMTA）后,经聚合煅烧生成大片层纤维的针状焦。在磁场作用下,添加了氯化铁的针状焦有序度增加,电化学性能最好,是炭电极的良好骨料。     

液相共沉淀法制备磷酸亚铁锂研究进展

以磷酸亚铁锂为正极材料的锂离子电池以其高安全、高环保、低价格、长寿命、大容量等特点,将逐步取代现有铅酸电池市场,成为未来动力锂离子电池研究的热点材料。简述了几种常规合成磷酸亚铁锂方法的同时,较系统地介绍了磷酸亚铁锂材料在液相共沉淀制备方法中的研究进展,包括全液相共沉淀法和半液相共沉淀法。指出全液相法合成工艺比较简单、工艺路线较短,但是由于溶液体系中各组分沉淀速度存在差异,因而可能会导致组成的偏离和均匀性的丧失;半液相法虽然增加了工艺流程,但是可以通过控制pH、滴加速度等控制磷铁复合盐的形成,使产品呈球状,进而有助于提高磷酸亚铁锂的振实密度。     

焦炭质量预测模型的研究

随着高炉大型化、富氧喷吹技术的发展,焦炭在高炉中的骨架作用尤为重要,钢铁企业迫切要求提高焦炭质量,为此需建立一组准确的焦炭质量预测模型,以更好地指导炼焦生产．在对国内外已有的焦炭质量预测模型进行比较、分析的基础上,运用线性加修正、一元线性回归、多元线性回归和逐次回归的方法建立了配合煤性质、焦炭化学组成、焦炭机械强度（M40,M10）、焦炭热性质（CRI,CSR）的预测模型,在很大程度上提高了预测的精确度和适用性．     

氢氧化钾活化石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭

研究了以石油焦为原料,用氢氧化钾为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭方法。通过正交实验与进一步的单因素实验考察了碱焦比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭碘吸附值和活化收率的影响。实验结果表明碱焦比对活性炭碘吸附值影响最显著,增大碱焦比、延长活化时间和选择合适的活化温度能提高碘吸附能力。在碱焦比为4∶1,活化温度750℃和活化时间120 min条件下制备的活性炭BET比表面积可达2775 m2/g,总孔容为2.888 cm3/g。     

干熄焦技术在清洁型热回收焦炉中的应用

对清洁型热回收焦炉熄焦方式进行了评价,指出干熄焦技术在节能、环保、改善焦炭质量以及经济效益上的积极意义。     

家用微波炉磁控管用碳化La2O3-Mo阴极

研究了家用微波炉磁控管碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极 ,参照碳化ThO2 W阴极磁控管的制作工艺 ,成功实现了La2 O3 Mo阴极的碳化以及碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极磁控管的去气、激活。碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极的微波能量输出功率为 5 0 0W ,而同类型的碳化ThO2 W阴极磁控管的额定微波能量输出为 90 0W。通过分析认为 ,碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极磁控管微波输出能量不足的主要原因在于碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极材料本身的电子发射能力不足。     

一种新型高速开关阀设计与实验研究

为解决高速开关阀响应速度和大流量之间的矛盾,设计一种先导式结构的高速开关阀。先导控制阀采用高频响大流量的2D数字伺服阀,主阀则采用滑阀结构,并通过并联阀口双节流边的输出结构来提高开关阀的流量。在阐述该开关阀的工作原理和结构的基础上,对该阀进行了零位泄漏特性、阀口流动特性以及阀芯动态响应特性的实验研究。结果表明:在系统压力为15 MPa时,阀口开启时间为16.75 ms,关闭时间为25 ms;在开关阀的阀口压力差为2 MPa时,该阀的输出流量约为3 100 L/min。