松多酚激活Nrf2/ARE通路对H_2O_2致牛肺动脉内皮细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用

本文研究了松多酚对H_2O_2致牛肺动脉内皮细胞(BPAECs)氧化应激损伤的保护作用及其相关机制。以H_2O_2100μM诱导牛肺动脉内皮细胞(BPAECs)建立氧化损伤模型,实验设对照组、模型组、松多酚高、中、低(0.5、0.1、0.05 mg/m L)剂量组,免疫荧光检测转录因子NF-E 2相关因子2(Nrf2)核转位变化;RT-PCR检测Nrf2 m RNA的表达;Western blot检测Nrf2蛋白的表达;以及应用抑制剂筛选其发挥抗氧化损伤保护作用的信号通路。松多酚可以促进H_2O_2所致氧化损伤的牛肺动脉内皮细胞中的Nrf2从细胞质向细胞核内的转移,相对于模型组,松多酚提取物可以增加Nrf2 m RNA和蛋白质水平的表达量(*p0.05,**p0.01),且呈剂量-效应关系(**p0.01)。松多酚对H_2O_2诱导氧化损伤的BPAECs具有保护作用,激活Nrf2/ARE机制可能与COX-2、p38、PI3K/AKT信号通路有关,而与PKC信号通路无关。     

松针提取物的GC-MS分析及其复配剂对榆紫叶甲的毒杀效果

采用索氏提取法以正己烷为溶剂从樟子松和黑皮油松新鲜针叶中提取松针提取物,对提取物进行了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析,并分别研究了这2种松针提取物与松木屑木醋液的复配剂对榆紫叶甲的杀虫活性。研究结果表明：樟子松鲜针叶正己烷提取物中共鉴定出16种成分,总GC含量为65.92%,GC含量最高的化合物是2,2,4,4,6,8,8-七甲基壬烷（23.72%）,其次是苯乙酸-3-己烯酯（8.56%）。黑皮油松鲜针叶正己烷提取物中共鉴定出41种成分,总GC含量为98.06%,GC含量最高的化合物是石竹烯（23.29%）,其次是4-epi-荜澄茄油烯醇（11.24%）。这2种松针提取物复配木醋液（体积比1∶9）的5倍蒸馏水稀释液,对榆紫叶甲成虫的毒杀效果差,樟子松鲜针叶提取物复配木醋液（体积比1∶9）的5倍蒸馏水稀释液对榆紫叶甲成虫的毒杀效果优于木醋液的5倍蒸馏水稀释液。实验1~4天,松木屑木醋液的5倍蒸馏水稀释液对榆紫叶甲幼虫的毒杀效果要好于黑皮油松鲜针叶提取物复配木醋液（体积比为1∶9）的5倍蒸馏水稀释液,第5天则相反。     

响应面法优化酶解红松松仁粕制备抗氧化肽

以工业生产东北红松松仁油副产物松仁粕为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面分析法对松松仁粕抗氧化肽酶解工 艺进行了优化研究。 结果表明,碱性蛋白酶是制备松仁粕抗氧化肽的最佳蛋白酶,其最佳酶解工艺条件为底物质量分数15%,酶添加 量为10 000 U/g,酶解pH值9.0,酶解温度63 ℃,酶解时间为80 min。 在此优化条件下,总还原力为0.69,水解度（DH）为36.23%。 该条件 下制备的松仁粕抗氧化肽有较强的还原力,当抗氧化肽的质量浓度为14 mg/mL时,总还原力达到同等浓度维生素（VC）的71.16%,对 羟基自由基、ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基的清除能力均效果显著。     

马尾松松针挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取马尾松松针挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行化学成分分析,并以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力以及总还原力为评价指标,研究其抗氧化作用。结果表明,从马尾松松针挥发油中共分离鉴定出了34种化合物,其相对质量分数占挥发油总量的95.76%,主要化合物为石竹烯(15. 85%)、α-杜松醇(12. 12%)、大根香叶烯B(10. 81%)、β-古巴烯(7.94%)、1(10),4-杜松二烯(6.65%)、γ-依兰油烯(6.01%)、蛇麻烯(5.82%)和β-瑟林烯(3.63%)等。马尾松松针挥发油具有较强的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力以及总还原力随挥发油质量浓度的增加而增强;DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的半数清除率IC_(50)值分别为5.16、5.47、4.34 mg/mL。通过本试验证实,马尾松松针挥发油作为天然抗氧化剂具有较大的开发潜质。     

基于荧光及紫外光谱法对红松种鳞多酚与乳清蛋白相互作用的研究

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法,研究了红松种鳞多酚与乳清蛋白之间的相互作用及其作用方式。紫外-可见吸收光谱表明:红松种鳞多酚与乳清蛋白发生了相互作用并生成新的复合物,改变了蛋白质芳香族残基在空间结构中所处的微环境,诱导乳清蛋白的构象发生改变。荧光光谱表明:红松种鳞多酚对乳清蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用且猝灭类型为生成复合物的静态猝灭作用。通过计算得出在不同温度下其二者相互作用的表观结合常数(KA)分别为:1.111×104 L/mol(25℃),2.201×104 L/mol(30℃),6.206×104L/mol(35℃),对应的结合位点数(n)分别为:0.885、0.937、1.043。由热力学参数分析确定红松种鳞多酚与乳清蛋白间的相互作用反应是吸热过程,反应的主要作用力是疏水作用力。     

Trapping the western pine beetle at and near a source of synthetic attractive pheromone Effects of trap size and position

Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the senior author to the University of California, Berkeley, California, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in entomology, December 1976. These studies were supported by the U.S. Forest Service and in part by the Rockefeller Foundation and a joint grant (NSF GB-34718/BMS 75-04223) from the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the University of California. The findings, opinions, and recommendations are not necessarily those of the University of California or the funding agencies.Trade names and commercial enterprises or products are mentioned solely for information and do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or University of California.     

Frontalin in the male mountain pine beetle

Frontalin andexo-brevicomin were identified by GC-MS in air drawn over maleDendroclonus ponderosae Hopk. (MPB) from Oregon that had joined females for 1–2 days in the bark of lodgepole and ponderosa pine logs. Unfed males releasedexo- andendo-brevicomin but not frontalin. These three compounds were not detected in either unfed or fed females. Arrestment of males bytrans-verbenol and terpenes in an olfactory walkway was reduced by the addition of racemic frontalin; production of attractant chirps also diminished. Racemic frontalin also strongly reduced the aggregation of MPB in lodgepole and ponderosa pine stands to sticky traps baited with the aggregation pheromonetrans-verbenol and host terpenes; however, the function of the natural enantiomer of frontalin in MPB is unknown.Research supported by NSF Grant PCN 79-21708. O.S.U. Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 6219.     

Volatiles Associated with Preferred and Nonpreferred Hosts of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana

Ovipositing female Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, prefer loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., to slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm, except during the first spring following planting of seedlings. Host discrimination by R. frustrana increases as seedlings develop, suggesting that changes in the chemical composition of seedlings may mediate the moth's host preferences. Volatile compounds from slash and loblolly pine seedlings were collected using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) during the first year following planting. Four collection periods coincided with adult emergence and oviposition during each of four annual generations of R. frustrana in the Georgia Coastal Plain. Infestation of slash pine peaked during the second tip moth generation and was similar to the loblolly pine infestation level. By the fourth tip moth generation, slash pine infestation levels had declined and diverged considerably from those of loblolly pine. Significant differences in relative quantities of beta-pinene, alpha-phellandrene, limonene, beta-phellandrene, bornyl acetate, beta-caryophyllene, and an unidentified sesquiterpene occurred between slash and loblolly pine during the fourth generation. However, no strong correlation was observed between any individual compound and host damage that could readily explain the temporal changes in R. frustrana host preference. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of standards identified 19 different seedling-associated compounds that elicited antennal responses from R. frustrana females, indicating that a blend of terpenoids may mediate host discrimination.