Sr对AZ91D镁合金枝晶生长和相析出的影响

加入微量Sr(0.01%-0.1%,质量分数)可明显细化AZ91D镁合金晶粒,随Sr含量增加,初生相α-Mg尺寸逐渐减小,而二次枝晶间距变化不大,同时β-Mg17Al12析出相增多.Sr添加量为0.1%时,针状或块状Al4Sr相依附在枝晶间的β-Mg17Al12相上析出.Sr在AZ91D合金凝固固-液界面前沿富集,并且优先在曲率较大的枝晶端面富集,从而抑制晶粒长大,细化了合金中初生相α-Mg;同时,Sr在枝晶的尖端富集降低了初生相α-Mg的尖端生长优势,改变了初生相形貌.     

浅谈民用建筑应急照明设计

正确理解应急照明定义,体现技术可靠、经济合理、绿色照明的设计理念,对增强建筑的抗灾、防灾能力、节约能源具有重要意义.     

Monolayer MoS2 Dendrites on a Symmetry‐Disparate SrTiO3 (001) Substrate: Formation Mechanism and Interface Interaction

Dendritic patterns generated in non‐equilibrium growth processes are prevalent in nature while their formation mechanisms are far from fully understood. Here, we report a coverage‐dependent fractal degree evolution of monolayer 2H‐MoS₂ dendrites synthesized on a symmetry‐disparate substrate of SrTiO₃ (001). Surprisingly, various characterizations have revealed that the monolayer dendrites featured with orthogonal backbones are single crystalline, possessing both peculiar adlayer‐substrate interaction and abnormal indirect bandgap on SrTiO₃ (001). Further theoretical calculations indicate that a prominent diffusion anisotropy of monomer precursors, combined with the disparate adlayer‐substrate symmetry, determine the diffusion‐limited aggregation of MoS₂ towards dendritic shapes. This work provides brand‐new insights in the morphological engineering of two‐dimensional atomic crystals, and contributes greatly to an in‐depth understanding of the detailed dynamics in non‐equilibrium crystal growth.     

利用水平热壁CVD法生长的3C-SiC/Si的均匀性

利用新改进的水平低压热壁CVD设备,改变生长时的压力和H2流速,在50mm的Si(100)和(111)衬底上获得了3C-SiC外延膜,并对外延膜的结构均匀性、电学均匀性和厚度均匀性进行了分析.X射线衍射图中出现了强的3C-SiC的特征峰,其中3C-SiC的(200)和(111)峰的半高宽分别为0.41°和0.21°.3C-SiC外延膜方块电阻的均匀性最好可达2.15%.厚度均匀性可达±5.7%(σ/mean值).     

Growth-temperature-dependent optical and acetone detection properties of ZnO thin films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared onto glass substrates at moderately low growth temperature by two-stage spray pyrolysis technique. The effects of growth temperature on structural, optical and acetone detection properties were investigated with X-ray diffractometry, a UV-visible spectrophotometer, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and a homemade gas sensor testing unit, respectively. All the films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase and exhibit a preferential orientation along [002] direction. The film crystallinity is gradually enhanced with an increase in growth temperature. The optical measurements show that all the films are physically highly transparent with a transmittance greater than 82% in the visible range. The band gap of the film is observed to exhibit a slight red shift with an increasing growth temperature. The PL studies on the films show UV/violet PL band at ～ 395 nm. Among all the films investigated, the film deposited at 250 ℃ demonstrates a maximum sensitivity of 13% towards 20 ppm of acetone vapors at 300 ℃ operating temperature.     

Adiponectin Deficiency Alters Placenta Function but Does Not Affect Fetal Growth in Mice

Adiponectin administration to pregnant mice decreases nutrient transport and fetal growth. An adiponectin deficiency, on the other hand, as seen in obese women during pregnancy, alters fetal growth; however, the mechanism is unclear. To determine the role of adiponectin on placenta function and fetal growth, we used adiponectin knockout, adiponectin heterozygote that displays reduced adiponectin levels, and wild-type mice on a control diet or high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet. Triglycerides (TGs) in the serum, liver, and placenta were measured using colorimetric assays. Gene expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. Adiponectin levels did not affect fetal weight, but it reduced adiponectin levels, increased fetal serum and placenta TG content. Wildtype dams on a HF/HS diet protected the fetuses from fatty acid overload as judged by increased liver TGs in dams and normal serum and liver TG levels in fetuses, while low adiponectin was associated with increased fetal liver TGs. Low maternal adiponectin increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport; Lpl and Cd36 in the placenta. Adiponectin deficiency does not affect fetal growth but induces placental dysfunction and increases fetal TG load, which is enhanced with obesity. This could lead to imprinting effects on the fetus and the development of metabolic dysfunction in the offspring.     

天然光导光系统分类及全年采光动态模拟

合理利用天然光对于改善建筑室内光环境和降低照明能耗都有重要的意义。随着社会和经济的快速发展,人们对环境舒适度的要求日益提高。天然光导光系统的出现,使在地下或无窗建筑中引入天然光成为可能。本文介绍了天然光导光系统的分类和应用情况,并利用计算机模拟技术对导光管系统进行了全年采光动态分析。     

NGF Modulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Stimulates ApoE Secretion in Glial Cells Conferring Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress

Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the brain, where its metabolism is particularly regulated by astrocytic activity. Indeed, adult neurons suppress their own cholesterol biosynthesis and import this sterol through ApoE-rich particles secreted from astrocytes. Recent evidence suggests that nerve growth factor (NGF) may exert neurotrophic activity by influencing cell metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of NGF on glial cholesterol homeostasis has still not been elucidated. Thus, the aim of this project is to assess whether NGF could influence cholesterol metabolism in glial cells. To reach this objective, the U373 astrocyte-derived cell line was used as an experimental model. Immunoblot and ELISA analysis showed that proteins and enzymes belonging to the cholesterol metabolism network were increased upon NGF treatment in glial cells. Furthermore, NGF significantly increased ApoE secretion and the amount of extracellular cholesterol in the culture medium. Co-culture and U373-conditioned medium experiments demonstrated that NGF treatment efficiently counteracted rotenone-mediated cytotoxicity in N1E-115 neuronal cells. Conversely, neuroprotection mediated by NGF treatment was suppressed when N1E-115 were co-cultured with ApoE-silenced U373 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that NGF controls cholesterol homeostasis in glial cells. More importantly, NGF exerts neuroprotection against oxidative stress, which is likely associated with the induction of glial ApoE secretion.     

中庭的天然采光设计

通过对决定中庭相邻空间天然采光效果的中庭的顶部的透光性、空间的几何比例、中庭墙壁的反射,以及窗户位置及尺寸四大因素的探讨,并以菲利普·埃克塞特图书馆、德国克隆贝格的行政办公楼的中庭为例,论证中庭天然采光的设计方法。     

变幅加载条件下的疲劳寿命预测

在疲劳累积损伤分析的基础上得出了对数累积损伤模型，阐明了变幅加载条件下疲劳损伤的累积特征和寿命预测方法。对数累积损伤模型作为—个失效判据，已在某中口径自动舰炮输弹簧的疲劳寿命预测中得到较满意的应用。研究表明，应力水平改变时，损伤因子D发生不连续变化是导致加载顺序效应的重要原因。