Electroreduction of dioxygen (ORR) in alkaline medium on Ag/C and Pt/C nanostructured catalysts—effect of the presence of methanol

Ag/C catalysts with different loading were prepared using a colloidal route to obtain well dispersed catalysts on carbon, with a particle size close to 15 nm. An amount of 20 wt.% Ag on carbon was found to be the best loading in terms of current density and mass activity. The 20 wt.% Ag/C catalyst was then studied and the kinetics towards ORR was determined and compared with that of a 20 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. The number of exchanged electrons for the ORR was found to be close to four with the rotating disk electrode (RDE) as well as with the rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) techniques. From the RDE results, the Tafel slopes b, the diffusion limiting current density inside the catalytic film (j_l^film) and the exchange current density (j₀) were evaluated. The Tafel slopes b and diffusion limiting current densities inside the catalytic film (j_l^film) were found to be in the same order for both catalysts, whereas the exchange current density (j₀), which is a suitable estimation of the activity of the catalyst, was at least 10 times higher at the Pt/C catalyst than at the Ag/C catalyst. The behavior of both catalysts in methanol containing electrolyte was investigated and it was found that at a low methanol concentration, the Pt/C catalyst was quasi-tolerant to methanol. But, at a high methanol concentration, the ORR at a Pt/C was affected. However, the Pt/C catalyst showed in each case better activity towards ORR than the Ag/C catalyst, even if the latter one was less affected by the presence of methanol than the former one.     

溴离子—罗丹明6G浮选光度法测定痕量铂

研究了Pt(Ⅳ)-Br~--罗丹明6G(R6G)-萃取-浮选光度法测定痕量铂.浮选物溶于丙酮,λ_(ma??)=530nm,ε=4.5×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).在最佳条件下,浮选物组成为〔(PtBr_6~(2-))·(2R6G~ )·3(R6G~ ·Br~-)〕.0.5～5μgPt/10ml符合比尔定律.在研究了30余种共存物质的影响中发现常见阴、阳离子允许量较大,1～16倍贵金属离子不产生干扰,有较好的选择性.     

叔胺萃取分离精炼铂的新工艺

用三烷基胺（Ｎ２３５）萃取分离铂，考察了稀释剂、改质剂浓度、料液酸度对分配系数的影响，从复杂的工业料液中，用Ｎ２３５萃取、洗涤、反萃、再生及精炼铂的工艺技术。     

铂类抗癌配合物构效关系的理论探讨

基于铂抗癌配合物在体内的历程和化学反应探讨了它们的结构和活性之间的关系，获得决定抗癌活性大小的主要因素，包括配合物分子的脂溶性和空间体积、构型、离去基团的反应性以及载体基团的特性。提出了铂配合物具有较高抗癌活性的结构要求①非离子型②小的空间体积③顺式构型④含脂溶性的氨（胺）载体和以Ｃｌ￣（－）或二元羧酸作离去基团。     

比较5-Cl-PADAB光度测定Pt(Ⅳ)时的几种活化剂

比较了不同活化剂(KI-Vit C,KI,Vit C,KI-Na_2SO_3,Na_2SO_3,H_2C_2O_4)对5-Cl-PADAB光度测定Pt(Ⅳ)的影响。实验表明,KI、KI-Vit C、KI-Na_2SO_3这3种活化体系最好。其优点为:测定酸度较高,重现性和线性关系好,是良好的活化剂。     

Pt·IrO_2/TiO_2阳极材料之研究

研究了铱含量、热分解温度等因素对电解制备次氯酸盐用铂铱钛阳极的涂层结构和电极性能的影响。结果表明,当电极涂层为Pt·IrO_2混合结构时,其催化性和抗腐蚀性明显地优于不含铱的纯铂涂层。室温下,用10A/dm~2的电流电解5％NaCl溶液,测得Pt·IrO_2阳极电解初始的析氯电位为1.03V,运行800h后为1.24V,且极化曲线继续持平,而在同一条件下,铂涂层电极只运行560h,电位已由开始的1.35V升至1.80V。     

Exploring the reactivity and nanoscale morphology of de-alloyed layers

De-alloying of a 70Cu-30Pt alloy has been studied with a view to testing the thermodynamic prediction that a novel kind of underpotential or sub-potential electrodeposition may be possible in such highly curved nanoporous solids. After de-alloying in H₂SO₄ solution containing CuSO₄, successive cathodic processes of PtO monolayer reduction, UPD of Cu, and a Cu plating process were identified, all occurring at potentials above the Cu equilibrium potential. The maximum amount of charge in the third plating process was determined to be about three monolayers, averaged over the whole porous surface. This seems to rule out the possibility that this process is some kind of second UPD layer or other non-bulk form of Cu plating. A probable explanation is that small amounts of bulk Cu are plating into regions of high negative curvature within the de-alloyed material. However X-ray diffraction did not show any evidence of bulk Cu.     

铂族元素的协同萃取

介绍协同萃取用于铂族元素富集与分离的进展状况。     

Preparation and electrocatalytic properties of tungsten carbide electrocatalysts

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ ｉｎ 1 5 0℃ .Ｍａａｓ[1 0 ] ａｌｓｏｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅｄｔｈｅＨ2 Ｏ2 ｆｕｅｌｃｅｌｌｓｔａｃｋｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｏｕｔｐｕｔｐｏｗｅｒｕｐｔｏ 1ｋＷ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅａｓ ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄｆｕｅｌ     

用硫代米蚩酮分光光度法同时测定铂钯

在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中用硫代米蚩酮（ＴＭＫ）分光光度法同时测定Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ，实验表明，室温下Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）共存互相干扰。但在抗坏血酸（ＶＣ）存在下可抑制大量Ｐｔ的显色而测定Ｐｄ，在ＶＣ—ＫＩ存在下Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ同时显色，差减法测定Ｐｔ。采用双（十二烷基亚磺酰）乙烷高选择性萃取Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ而与贱金属和其它贵金属分离，可应用于高纯Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ及矿物中Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ的测定，获得满意的结果。