Acetaldehyde in Mineral Water Stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles: Odour Threshold and Quantification

The use of PET bottles for packaging soft drinks and mineral waters is still growing world wide. The production process for these bottles is improving constantly. These improvements are focussed on bottles with better barrier properties, higher inertness and higher heat stability. One of the factors determining the quality of PET bottles is the release of acetaldehyde into the product during storage. A literature survey was conducted on the odour and taste detection threshold of acetaldehyde in water. A method is described to rapidly determine the concentration of acetaldehyde in water up to a level of 1 μg/l. This method was used to determine the concentration of acetaldehyde in mineral water during storage in PET bottles. In still water no acetaldehyde could be found, whereas the concentration of acetaldehyde in carbonated mineral water increased steadily upon storage. Model experiments were performed to find an explanation.     

粉末PET固相缩聚的研究

系统地研究了粉末聚酯(PET)固相缩聚,得到了有效的干燥结晶条件:140℃干燥120 min,180℃再结晶45 min,切片含水率低于30μg／g;研究了反应温度,粉末粒径和N2流量对PET固相缩聚的影响,分析粉末固相缩聚存在N2流量阈值的机理。结果表明:反应温度越高,颗粒越小,固相缩聚反应速度越快;粉末 PET预聚体在一定温度下固相缩聚,存在N2流量阈值。在此流量下,达到该温度下的该粒径粉末的最大界面扩散速率和固相缩聚的最大反应速度。相同反应温度下,粉末粒径越小,阈值N2流量越大。     

EVOH基梳型聚合物的合成和表征

以乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)为原料,在乙醇钠的催化作用下,通过与环氧乙烷(EO)的反应,合成出侧链为醚链结构且端基为羟基的梳型聚合物.采用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法对梳型聚合物的结构及其分子量进行了表征.讨论了EVOH与EO摩尔配比(r)和催化剂对接枝反应速度、接枝度、接枝长度、粗产率、分子量及其分子量分布的影响.结果表明:增加催化剂的用量有利于环氧乙烷的转化率提高,接枝反应速度明显增加;随着r的减少,EVOH的接枝度增加,侧链上接枝EO的数目逐渐变大,而产物的粗产率变化不大,均为35%左右.     

Improved compatibility of PET/HDPE blend by using GMA grafted thermoplastic elastomer

ABSTRACT

Herein, graft-modified ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE-g-GMA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS-g-GMA) were found to be excellent reactive compatibilizers for immiscible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends via in-situ reaction compatibilization. With increase in compatibilizer amount, uniform phase morphology was observed in all the blends. Thus, exhibiting enhanced mechanical properties, especially, the notched Izod impact strength. In comparison with SBS-g-GMA, compatibilizer POE-g-GMA demonstrated greater impact on the compatibility. The addition of 15% POE-g-GMA produced blends with best mechanical properties. Besides, both POE-g-GMA and SBS-g-GMA enhanced the melt viscosity of PET/HDPE blends.     

正交法研究聚合工艺对聚酯低聚物含量的影响

以对苯二甲酸（PTA）和乙二醇（EG）为原料,用直接酯化法在1L小型聚合釜中合成聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）。为考察使聚酯中低聚物含量最小的最佳聚合工艺,以PET中低聚物的提取量为指标,对影响低聚物含量的重要因素——催化剂量、隐定剂量、缩聚温度、缩聚时间进行L9（3^4）正交实验设计。结果显示,缩聚时间和缩聚温度的影响最大,催化剂和稳定剂的影响次之。使聚酯中低聚物含量最小的小釜聚合最佳工艺为催化剂344ug/g,稳定剂400ug/g,缩聚温度275℃,缩聚时间120min。     

聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混物的研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、旋转流变仪对其相容性、热性能和黏度等进行了研究,并研究了PBS的加入对PLA力学性能的影响。结果表明,PLA和PBS之间是部分相容的,PBS的少量添加并不影响PLA的拉伸强度,且其冲击强度随着PBS含量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当PBS含量为10份时,共混物的冲击强度最好;与纯PLA相比,共混物的黏度有所增加,且随着PBS含量的增加,共混物的黏度逐渐增大;PBS的添加起到异相成核作用,促进了PLA的结晶。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯环状二聚物的纯化、表征及其开环聚合的研究

从聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的环状低聚物中分离提纯出了PBS的环状二聚物〔cyclic dimer of poly(butylenesuccinate),CDBS〕,采用核磁、质谱对该环状二聚物进行了表征,研究表明,通过分离纯化得到了纯度高的PBS的环状二聚物。以纯化的CDBS为原料、十二醇为初始剂、辛酸锡作催化剂,采用开环聚合的方法合成了PBS,采用核磁、红外光谱对合成的PBS的结构进行了表征,并研究了开环聚合温度、聚合时间以及催化剂用量对PBS的分子量、单体转化率的影响,结果表明,开环反应温度220℃左右,反应3 h,PBS的相对分子质量(简称分子量,下同)可达到63 300,与直接酯化-缩聚法相比,采用开环聚合法能提高PBS的制备效率。     

PNaAA吸水性树脂凝胶强度的研究

采用外加交联剂的反相悬浮法合成了聚丙烯酸钠（PNaAA）吸水性树脂，用抗压形变量来表征PNaAA树脂的凝胶强度。探讨了交联剂用量、单体中和度、共聚单体组成等因素对树脂凝胶强度的影响。结果表明，树脂的交联密度是影响凝胶强度的最主要因素；而树脂的饱和吸水性对凝胶强度有一定的抑制作用。同时探讨了PNaAA树脂凝胶的流变性能，发现它具有假塑性流变行为。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel soil stabilizer based on biodegradable poly(aspartic acid) hydrogel

A novel soil stabilizer based on poly-amino acid - polyaspartic acid (PASP) and its copolymer which modified by xanthan gum (XG) was studied to increase soil particle compressive strength and resistance to wind erosion. Due to its unique property, the stabilizer aggregated individual soil particles and formed crust. The sample compressive strength increased from 0.175 to 0.612 MPa and the wind erosion modulus reduced from 22.43 to 10.56 g·m⁻²·min⁻¹ after the 1% PASP hydrogel was applied by 1.67 Lm⁻² (1 cm of crust). The soil water content was higher than the control due to the polymer’s excellent water-retaining property. The polymer had no negative influence on seed germination and growth. The biodegradability experiment showed that PASP was easy to biodegrade and therefore it was safe to apply in the field. This work was presented at 13 ^th YABEC symposium held at Seoul, Korea, October 20–22, 2007.     

Miscible blends of poly(vinyl phenyl ketone hydrogenated) and poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine)

Miscibility behavior over a wide composition range was detected for polymer blends of poly(vinyl phenyl ketone hydrogenated) (PVPhKH) with poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-co-4VPy). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA) reveal that each composition has only one glass transition temperature. The variation of the glass transition temperature with composition for PVPhKH/PS-co-4VPy miscible blends follows the Gordon-Taylor equation. FTIR analysis of this binary system indicates the existence of hydrogen bonding between pyridine ring of PS-co-4VPy and hydroxyl groups insert into PVPhKH. This specific interaction has a decisive influence in the phase behavior of PVPhKH/PS-co-4VPy blends.