纺织用有机硅消泡剂的研究进展

有机硅消泡剂由于其良好的化学惰性和低表面张力,广泛应用于纺织及化工领域。本文重点介绍了有机硅消泡剂的消泡原理、二甲基硅油消泡剂、聚醚改性硅油消泡剂的特性及制备方法,展望了有机硅消泡剂的发展。     

国内外聚醚多元醇开发进展

评述了聚醚多元醇的生产技术与产品开发进展,以及世界和中国的聚醚多元醇市场分析,并提出了发展建议。     

用于可焊性漆包线漆的聚酯多元醇的合成及性能测定

发展了一种聚酯多元醇,可望应用于制备新型的直焊性耐热漆包线漆。采用间苯二甲酸、己二酸、乙醇胺或乙二醇、三乙醇胺或甘油,通过熔融共缩聚合成一系列聚酯多元醇,然后用甲醚化氨基树脂及溶剂混合、配制成溶液,再涂制成漆包线。研究结果表明系列聚酯多元醇的分子量、酸值均符合漆包线漆制备的技术要求;采用乙醇胺代替乙二醇、三乙醇胺代替甘油在聚酯多元醇的合成反应中具有较高的缩聚反应活性,由此制备的聚酯多元醇具有在350℃至400℃的范围内更快速分解和分解残渣较少的特点,采用此聚酯多元醇作为主要成分、涂制的漆包线在400℃至460℃范围内下可直焊,介质损耗曲线的拐点温度可达到162℃、意味着耐热等级较高。     

癸二酸系聚酯多元醇的合成

采用癸二酸,对苯二甲酸与乙二醇,丁二醇,己二醇,新戊二醇进行缩聚反应,以二氯内化剂,在１４０－２００℃下反应５－７ｈ,合成了癸二酸系聚酯多元醇。实验结果表明,当醇酸摩尔比大于１．２０：１,催化剂用量为５＊１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ时,可得到酸值小于２．０ｍｇ／ｇ,羟值（ＫＯＨ）大于５０ｍｇ／ｇ,相对分子质量为１５００－２０００的聚酯多元醇。讨论了聚酯的化学组成对聚醌多元醇结构的影响,考察了催化剂的种     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体合成的研究

以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯及1,4-丁二醇为原料,采用双螺杆反应挤出机进行了生产热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的研究,对有关影响因素进行了讨论。生产规模为500t／a。该合成方法具有工艺简单、生产率高等优点,产品的性能与国外同类产品相当。     

Improving antibacterial,biocompatible, and reusable properties of polyvinyl chloride via the addition of aluminum alkoxides

Global bacterial infections associated with conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices place a heavy burden on healthcare systems and thus it will be desirable if medical devices are made from antimicrobial PVC. There are numerous studies focusing on polymer surface modifications to either leach antimicrobial agents or kill pathogenic microbes upon direct contact. In this work, mannitol fumarate ester-based aluminum metal alkoxide (MFE-Al) additive was developed to confer simultaneously improved antibacterial property and enhanced high temperature sterilization resistance of the resultant PVC. Data obtained confirm that the MFE-Al stabilized PVC sheets significantly inhibit 98% bacterial growth. They also show biocompatibility with cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes and hemocompatibility in vitro. Dry heat sterilization is generally not suitable for PVC medical wares due to their poor thermal compatibility. Surprisingly, our antimicrobial-biocompatible PVC can maintain stability at 180°C for 90 min. Such a high thermal stability indicates the MFE-Al stabilized PVC can endure 90 cycles of dry-heat sterilization without significant damage. This study may provide a solution to reduce PVC medical waste for a maximum benefit without compromising human health or the environment.     

Effect of support type and synthesis conditions on the oxygen reduction activity of RuxSey catalyst prepared by the microwave polyol method

Ru_xSe_y nanoparticles supported on different carbon substrates were synthesized by microwave heating of ethylene glycol solutions of Ru(III) chloride and sodium selenite at different pH and Ru/Se mole ratios. The resulting catalysts were used for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic solution. The electrochemical activity was highest for the supported catalyst synthesized at pH 8. Increasing the Se concentration of the catalyst up to 15 mol% increased the catalytic activity for the ORR; at this Se concentration, the activity of the catalyst was considerably higher than that observed for pure Ru catalyst synthesized at exactly the same conditions. The influence of the type of carbon support on the activity of the electrocatalyst was also investigated. Among the different supports, including carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R) (C1), and nanoporous carbons synthesized from resorcinol- (C2) and phloroglucinol-formaldehyde (C3) resins, the Ru_xSe_y catalyst supported on C3 exhibited highest activity for ORR.     

多元醇稀释法制备环糊精包裹白藜芦醇的工艺研究

传统的环糊精包裹活性物的制备工艺都是以有机溶剂作为溶解活性物的载体.本研究使用化妆品中常用的多元醇代替有机溶剂,首次采用多元醇稀释法操作工艺.以白藜芦醇为活性物代表,用多元醇溶解,稳定高效地将活性物包埋于羟丙基-β-环糊精中,很好避免了有机溶剂残留的问题,并进行稳定性测试,采用光学电子显微镜观察析出物结构.采用高效液相...     

硅酸钾聚合醇钻井液的研制及性能评价

从处理剂的综合作用出发,将硅酸钾的化学效应(胶凝沉淀)以及聚合醇的物理效应(浊点效应)复合应用,建立了一套具有凝胶-浊点效应的膜结构硅酸钾聚合醇钻井液体系,并对该体系的性能进行了综合评价。实验结果表明,该体系具有流变性好、失水造壁性好、抑制性强、抗污染能力强(抗NaCl污染6%(w);抗Ca2+或Mg2+污染0.5%(w);抗钻屑污染15%(w))、润滑性好、封堵能力强和热稳定性好等优点,为钻井液稳定井壁研究开拓了新的发展方向。     

中低相对分子质量多元醇类钻井液添加剂PA的研究与应用

通过中低相对分子质量多元醇对钻井液性能影响的试验,找出一种多元醇做主剂,选择其他几种多元醇与其进行复配,弥补单剂多元醇的缺点。采用正交试验,筛选出多元醇类钻井液添加剂PA的最佳配方。结果表明,添加剂PA与聚合物钻井液配伍性好,不影响聚合物钻井液的流变性,提高钻井液的润滑性和膨胀抑制性。多元醇类钻井液添加剂PA已在塔里木油田柯深101井成功应用,取得较好效果。