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81.
82.
In this study, a single unit of planar micro-solid-oxide fuel cell (μSOFC) is investigated numerically to evaluate the influences of flow channel design, oxygen composition, and thermal operating conditions on cell performance. Four flow channel designs are examined under the co-flow configuration: serpentine, double serpentine, rod bundle, and oblique rib. For all designs, the contacts areas of interconnect to electrodes are kept consistent to maintain the ohmic losses at the same level. To characterize the mass transport effects, there are three different compositions, 100% O2, 50% O2/50% N2 and air, fed to the cathode inlet. Different thermal conditions, adiabatic and isothermal, are applied to the outer boundary of the μSOFC and the results are compared. The outcomes suggest that both thermal conditions and oxidant composition show remarkable influences on μSOFC performance. Under adiabatic conditions, the rise of cell temperature causes a decrease in reversible voltage, deteriorating the overall cell competence. When oxygen is diluted with nitrogen, local gas diffusion becomes dominant to the cathode reaction. Bulk flow, on the other hand, plays a minor role in cell performance since there is little deviation in the polarization curves for all flow channel designs, even at high current densities. For comparison, the flow visualization technique is employed to observe the transport phenomena in various flow channel designs. The flow patterns are found to resemble the concentration distribution, providing a useful tool to design μSOFCs. 相似文献
83.
84.
Quantification of the layer dispersion degree in polymer layered silicate nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As the performance of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites strongly depends on their interior layer dispersion, quantification of the layer dispersion degree is needed. In this work, a new methodology was developed to determine the dispersion parameter D0.1, based on the measurement of the free-path spacing distance between the single clay sheets from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Several examples of exfoliated, intercalated, and immiscible composites were studied. It was found that the exfoliated composites had D0.1 over 8%, while that of intercalated composites were between 4 and 8%. In the case of intercalation, a high frequency peak appeared at a short spacing distance in the histogram, which was a characteristic of the intercalation, distinct from the exfoliation. The main utility of this TEM methodology is for the quantification of exfoliated or intercalated samples with small number of layers with stacks. The dispersion parameter D0.1 below 4% was suggested to classify as immiscible. A unique advantage of the TEM measurement is that the dispersion degree of different fillers can be counted individually. 相似文献
85.
Stanisaw Koter 《Separation and Purification Technology》2008,60(3):251-258
The experimental results of the separation of acetic acid (HA) from the sulfuric acid by the electro-electrodialysis (EED) method and the modeling of process have been presented. The Neosepta membranes CMX and ACM have been used. It has been found that the efficiency of retention of HA is high (>0.9) when the process is conducted below the limiting current density with respect to HSO4− or SO42− anions. The observed current efficiency of the H2SO4 removal was rather low (CES = ca. 0.7, when the initial concentration of H2SO4 in the mixture was 1 or 2 M) which was caused by the nonideal selectivity of the anion-exchange membrane. The experimental results have been described by the model based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation and the Donnan equilibrium. Since the efficiency of the process depended mainly on the selectivity of anion-exchange membrane (ACM), the concentration of fixed charges of that membrane, , and the ratio of volume fraction of pores to their squared tortuosity, Vp/θ2, have been chosen as the main fitting parameters. It has been found that the fitting of the EED data depends mainly on , whereas in the modeling of diffusion experiment (or an EED experiment conducted at low current density) both parameters are important. The best fit has been obtained for , i.e. ca. one order smaller than that determined experimentally. The obtained optimal value of Vp/θ2, equal to 0.013, is consistent with those previously obtained for other Neosepta anion-exchange membrane. 相似文献
86.
Anuradh Gunawardena Sandun Fernando Filip To 《International journal of molecular sciences》2008,9(10):1893-1907
Saccharomyces cerevisiae present in common Baker’s yeast was used in a microbial fuel cell in which glucose was the carbon source. Methylene blue was used as the electronophore in the anode compartment, while potassium ferricyanide and methylene blue were tested as electron acceptors in the cathode compartment. Microbes in a mediator-free environment were used as the control. The experiment was performed in both open and closed circuit configurations under different loads ranging from 100 kΩ to 400Ω. The eukaryotic S. cerevisiae-based fuel cell showed improved performance when methylene blue and ferricyanide were used as electron mediators, rendering a maximum power generation of 146.71±7.7 mW/m3. The fuel cell generated a maximum open circuit voltage of 383.6±1.5 mV and recorded a maximum efficiency of 28±1.8 % under 100 kΩ of external load. 相似文献
87.
Shaobing Zhou Qiuxiang Su Xiaohong Li Jie Weng 《Materials Science and Engineering: A》2006,430(1-2):341-345
In the paper, we found a novel method to synthesize dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) nanocrystals by in situ reaction in biodegradable PDLLA matrix. Calcium hydrid was selected as calcium source of DCPD, which is different from general methods. The method is not only simple and effective to synthesize Ca–P particles, but also can avoid the aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles in the course of their being dispersed into polymer matrix. 相似文献
88.
铝电解电容器用橡皮塞中铁的测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要研究了用硫氰酸钾作显色剂,用分光光度法测定橡皮塞中铁含量的方法。并对国产和进口橡皮塞做了比较,为铝电解电容器质量水平的提高提供一条新思路。 相似文献
89.
90.
Qidong Cao Mark A. Mcknew 《International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems》1994,6(2):155-172
A new optimization model is discussed for the design of cellular manufacturing systems. It is based on an integer programming formulation that updates some other models by eliminating redundant machine assignment and cost coefficients dependent on cell configuration. To reduce computational burdens, a simplified integer programming model and a decomposition algorithm are proposed. Several computer solutions were performed to evaluate the performance of the new model. The computational results are discussed. 相似文献