丙烯酸十六酯的合成及其降凝助滤效果

以丙烯酸和十六醇为原料,在丙烯酸/十六醇摩尔比为1.6,对甲苯磺酸质量分数为1.5%,对苯二酚质量分数为0.6%,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为5 h的条件下,制备了丙烯酸十六酯。结果表明,在上述最佳条件下,产物收率可达92%;在中国石油抚顺石化分公司石油一厂、二厂、三厂生产的0#柴油中,分别加入质量分数为0.5%的丙烯酸十六酯和T-1804降凝剂,前者的降凝助滤效果优于后者。     

低碳混合醇合成中的耦合效应

根据CO加氢合成低碳混合醇催化反应的特点,从耦合效应角度,对影响产物选择性的因素进行了分析和计算.由于产物分布在动力学上受Schulz-Flory方程的制约,不同碳数的醇达最大选择性时要求不同链增长几率a相匹配.推导并计算出混合醇合成体系混合自由能及反应自由能计算公式,得到了△G°=0时转变温度与链增长几率a之间的关系.由于产物分布和混合效应的影响,混合醇比单醇的合成热力学更为有利,转变温度相应提高.通过改变催化剂组成调节a值并选择合适的反应温度是提高混合醇合成选择性的可能途径.     

等离子体引发高吸醇性树脂的合成及性能

以丙烯酸为单体 ,Ni(NO3) 2 ·6H2 O为交联剂 ,采用低温等离子体引发其水溶液聚合 ,制得吸甲醇率达 64g/g、吸乙醇率达 48g/g的高吸醇树脂。考察了后聚合时间、单体质量分数、放电时间以及交联剂与单体质量比等操作参数对树脂吸醇率的影响 ,得出了试验条件下的最适宜合成条件。     

聚乙烯醇凝胶堵漏剂的室内研究

为解决地质钻孔钻井液漏失的问题,研制了一种新型堵漏剂——聚乙烯醇凝胶堵漏剂,该堵漏剂由聚乙烯醇、硼砂、二丁酯、羧甲基纤维素钠等化学交联反应而成。根据地质钻探钻孔堵漏材料性能的要求,对该堵漏剂进行了成胶时间、成胶黏度、溶胀性、抗稀释性、抗矿化物污染、堵漏等实验。结果表明:(1)当聚乙烯醇为3%、硼砂为0.8%、二丁酯为0.3%、羧甲基纤维素钠为0.3%、交联温度为35℃、p H值为10时,制备的聚乙烯醇凝胶堵漏剂性能为最好,成胶黏度达358 600 m Pa·s,成胶时间为18min;(2)成胶时间在0.1~1.0 h范围内可调,对不同大小通道适宜性好;(3)单独的凝胶堵漏剂最大承压能力达到6.0 MPa,加入1%木屑后最大承压能力提高到7.0 MPa,具有很好的堵漏效果。结论认为,所研制的聚乙烯醇凝胶堵漏剂具有较强的溶胀度、抗稀释、抗矿化物污染和堵漏能力,并且制备方便、价格低廉,可应用于裂缝、溶洞、孔隙及含有动水的复杂漏失地层。     

基于51单片机的酒精浓度监测系统设计

设计了一种借助MQ-3酒精传感器,以STC89C52单片机为核心控制处理器,LCD液晶显示并带有声光报警功能的酒精浓度检测系统。针对酒精浓度监测系统的整体设计以及硬件、软件的设计情况等进行研究和演示,最终实现酒精浓度的自动监测和报警功能,具有一定的使用和参考价值。     

固体催化剂催化合成丙酸正丁酯

综述了对甲苯磺酸、十二烷基磺酸铁、磺化苯膦酸锆、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、三氯化铁、四氯化锡、氯化亚锡、无机氯 化物、树脂固载Lewis酸、水合硫酸铁、十二水合硫酸铁铵、硫酸钛、铁钾盐、季铵盐、固 体超强酸、杂多酸和分子筛等固体催化剂催化合成丙酸正丁酯的实验结果.结果表明,对甲 苯磺酸、十二烷基磺酸铁、强酸性阳离子交换树脂等作催化剂合成丙酸丁酯收率较高,具有实际应用价值.     

原子类型电拓扑状态指数在苯乙醇类似气味特征预测研究中的应用

为了研究化合物结构与其气味特征之间的相关性,以原子类型电拓扑状态指数(E-状态指数)为描述子表征了苯乙醇相关化合物的空间拓扑结构,并对苯乙醇相关化合物与苯乙醇气味特征的相似性进行了定量评价;在此基础上,建立了苯乙醇气味特征定量构-香关系模型,对苯乙醇相关化合物进行了预测.结果表明,该模型具有较好的稳定性以及较好的内部和外部预测能力,能实现对某一类物质气味特征的预测,可以作为香原料合成与开发过程中的辅助手段.     

Extension of the simulated drinking game procedure to multiple drinking games.

The present study extended the Simulated Drinking Game Procedure (SDGP) to obtain information about different types of drinking games. Phase I participants (N = 545) completed online screening questionnaires assessing substance use and drinking game participation. Participants who met the selection criteria for Phase II (N = 92) participated in laboratory sessions that consisted of three different periods of drinking game play. Sixty-two percent (N = 57) of the sample was female. Data from these sessions was used to estimate the peak Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) a participant would achieve if they consumed alcohol while participating in the SDGP. Total consumption and estimated BAC varied as a function of game type. The total consumption and estimated BAC obtained while playing Beer Pong and Memory varied significantly as a function of group. Total ounces consumed while playing Three Man varied significantly as a function of group; however, the variation in estimated BAC obtained while playing Three Man was not significant. Results indicated that estimated BACs were higher for female participants across game type. Previous experience playing the three drinking games had no impact on total drink consumption or estimated BAC obtained while participating in the SDGP. The present study demonstrated that the SDGP can be used to generate estimates of how much alcohol is consumed and the associated obtained BAC during multiple types of drinking games. In order to fully examine whether previous experience factors in to overall alcohol consumption and BAC, future research should extend the SDGP to incorporate laboratory administration of alcohol during drinking game participation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive–behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence.

Objective: As emotion regulation is widely considered to be a primary motive in the misuse of alcohol, our aim in the study was to investigate whether deficits in adaptive emotion-regulation skills maintain alcohol dependence (AD). Method: A prospective study investigated whether emotion-regulation skills were associated with AD and whether these skills predicted alcohol use during and after treatment for AD. Participants were 116 individuals treated for AD with cognitive–behavioral therapy. Emotion regulation and severity of AD symptoms were assessed by self-report. Alcohol use during treatment was assessed by Breathalyzer and urine analysis for ethyl glucuronide; alcohol use during the 3-month follow-up interval was assessed by self-report. Results: Pretreatment emotion-regulation skills predicted alcohol use during treatment, and posttreatment emotion-regulation skills predicted alcohol use at follow-up, even when controlling for other predictors potentially related to emotion regulation. Among a broad range of specific emotion-regulation skills, the ability to tolerate negative emotions was the only skill that negatively predicted subsequent alcohol consumption when controlling for the other skills. Individuals in the AD sample reported significantly larger deficits in emotion-regulation skills than did those in a nonclinical control sample but significantly less than did those in a sample of individuals exclusively meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. Conclusions: Enhancement of general emotion-regulation skills, especially the ability to tolerate negative emotions, appears to be an important target in the treatment of AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interaction between the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism and proximal and distal environments in alcohol dependence during emerging and young adulthood.

The manifestation of alcohol dependence at different developmental stages may be associated with different genetic and environmental factors. Taking a developmental approach, we characterized interaction between the dopamine receptor 4 variable number tandem repeat (DRD4 VNTR) polymorphism and developmentally specific environmental factors (childhood adversity, college/Greek organization involvement, and delayed adult role transition) on alcohol dependence during emerging and young adulthood. Prospective data were obtained from a cohort of 234 White individuals (56% women, 44% men) who were followed up at ages 18 through 34. A longitudinal hierarchical factor model was estimated to model a traitlike persistent alcohol dependence factor throughout emerging and young adulthood and 2 residual statelike alcohol dependence factors limited to emerging adulthood and young adulthood, respectively. We accounted for those alcohol dependence factors by modeling 3 two-way interaction effects between the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism and the 3 developmentally specific environment factors. Carriers of the DRD4 long allele showed greater susceptibility to environmental effects; they showed more persistent symptoms of alcohol dependence as childhood adversity increased and more alcohol dependence symptoms limited to emerging adulthood as college/Greek organization involvement increased. Alcohol dependence among noncarriers of the long allele, however, did not differ as a function of those environments. Although replication is necessary, these findings highlight the importance of repeated phenotypic assessments across development and modeling both distal and proximal environments and their interaction with genetic susceptibility at specific developmental stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)