醇醚类双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以对苯氧基双月桂酸甲酯为原料,在还原剂作用下制得中间体对苯氧基双月桂醇(HBA),再在碱性条件下进行乙氧基化,得到醇醚类Gemini表面活性剂HBA(EO)n(n=9,20 4)。通过红外光谱和质谱分析确定了中间体及产物结构,测定了HBA(EO)n的物化性能结果如下:HBA(EO)20 4的γcmc=38 23mN/m;HBA(EO)9=0 001%;cmcHBA(EO)9=0 0001%。乳化时间:HBA(EO)20 4为17 36h;的γcmc=31 61mN/m。cmcHBA(EO)20 4HBA(EO)9为8 00h。浊点:HBA(EO)20 4>100℃;HBA(EO)9为90℃。湿润时间:HBA(EO)20 4为20 83s;HBA(EO)9为11 23s。泡沫高度:HBA(EO)20 4为40mm;HBA(EO)9为95mm。泡沫稳定性:HBA(EO)20 4为2%;HBA(EO)9为8%。与单链表面活性剂AEOn(n=4 5,10 2)相比较,HBA(EO)n具有更优良的表面活性。     

Study of the amination of fatty alcohols catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts

Amination of fatty alcohols by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis is one of the main commercial processes for the production of dimethylalkylamines. The key factor in this process is the preparation of catalysts with high selectivity. A study of amination catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts supported on CaCO₃ is reported in this paper. Selectivity of the catalysts was adjustable by varying the ratio of Cu to Ni or by adding a third element (Zn or Mg). The promotion of catalyst selectivity was mainly attributable to the effect of the components on the reducibility of Ni²⁺ in the catalysts. Lower reducibility of Ni²⁻ led to higher catalyst selectivity.     

A comparison of the ethoxylation of a fatty alcohol,fatty acid,and dimethiconol

Knowing that dimethiconols or silanols condense under acid or alkaline catalysis, a study was undertaken to determine if these compounds could be successfully ethoxylated under conditions similar to those used to ethoxylate fatty alcohols and acids. It was anticipated that the condensation reaction would take precedent over ethoxylation reaction. We determined that ethoxylation reaction occurs preferentially to condensation reaction. In addition, kinetics of ethoxylation are similar to kinetics observed when fatty alcohols are ethoxylated. This reaction gives rise to a new class of hydrolyzable silicone compounds that have applications in industrial as well as in personal-care products.     

溶液共混法制备高强度淀粉基完全生物降解塑料薄膜

利用一步溶液共混法，将预糊化的淀粉糊与PvA溶液共混，用乙二醛进行交联，制备淀粉／聚乙烯醇（PVA）完全生物降解塑料薄膜。研究不同乙二醛和甘油的用量对薄膜性能的影响。薄膜的力学性能、热性能和微观形态表征表明，淀粉／PvA体系具有较好的相容性和较高的力学性能，薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达到28．52MPa和307．5％。     

涤纶废产物用于制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料

将涤纶废产物用二甘醇和三元醇经酯基转移合成齐聚酯多元醇，并用其制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。该泡沫塑料具有良好的力学性能，且随着齐聚酯多元醇平均官能度的影响，力学性能随之提高；由于齐聚酯多元醇中芳香族基团含量高，泡沫塑料的铖一明显高于普通聚氨酯泡沫塑料。     

PVA基活性碳纤维的研制

探索了由民用大丝束聚乙烯醇纤维(PVAF)试制活性碳纤维(ACF)的可能性,以开辟新的原料路线,降低产品成本。PVAF首先用脱水剂处理,脱水剂浓度为10%(质量),然后在200—300℃进行热处理,处理后的纤维再经预氧化和碳化活化转化为ACF,ACF的收率为37.7%,比表面积为1050m~2/g。此外,还探索了用O_3处理PVAF。用差热、热失重和红外等手段对产物进行了表征,推论了相应的反应机理。结果表明:经适当处理的PVAF可制得具有较好吸附性能的ACF。     

Bubble temperature data for phenol-alcohol systems: Phenol-I-Amyl alcohol and phenol-n-Amyl alcohol systems

In order to supplement the literature data on VLE, isobaric bubble temperature data were collected for the binary systems phenol-i-amyl alcohol and phenol-n-amyl alcohol over the entire composition range by indirect method using a standard Swietoslawski type ebulliometer. The measurements were made at three sub-atmospheric pressures. The experimental t-x data were correlated with both equation of state method and gamma-phi methods. In the former approach, the Soave equation of state is used, whereas in the latter case Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations are used.     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化丙酸丁酯的绿色合成研究

研究了丙酸与丁醇在壳聚糖硫酸盐催化剂作用下的酯化反应,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比等因素对丙酸丁酯酯化率的影响。实验结果表明反应的最佳条件为:丙酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸摩尔比为1.4,壳聚糖硫酸盐用量为1.2g,反应时间为1.5h,酯化率达97.2%,催化剂重复使用5次仍保持较高活性。无污染产生,具有绿色合成的特点。产品经折光率、红外光谱进行了表征。     

不同性质的聚乙烯醇对聚醋酸乙烯乳液性能的影响

采用半连续乳液聚合的方法合成聚醋酸乙烯乳液。通过对乳液的粒子形态、压缩剪切强度、粘度、冻融稳定性的分析,讨论了不同性质的聚乙烯醇作为保护胶体,对聚醋酸乙烯乳液胶粘剂性能的影响。     

维生素C催化合成乳酸异戊酯

首次利用维生素C催化乳酸和异戊醇合成了乳酸异戊酯。在0．1mol乳酸，0．2mol异戊醇和0．2g维生素C作用下，回流分水60min，酯收率达60．0％。结果表明：维生素C能够代替硫酸作为乳酸酯化的催化剂。