黑牛肝菌多糖对小鼠酒精性肾损伤保护作用的研究

目的:研究黑牛肝菌多糖（RPBA）对酒精所致急性肝损伤小鼠肾损伤的保护作用。方法:小鼠被随机分为空白对照组、模型组、药物组（联苯双酯组,150mg/kg bw）、RPBA各剂量组（100、200、400mg/kg bw）,连续灌胃30d,空白对照组按等量生理盐水灌胃。第31d给予50%乙醇（12mL/kg）建立动物急性肝损伤模型。小鼠处死后取肾脏测定各项抗氧化指标。结果:与模型组相比,RPBA各剂量组均能降低肾脏MDA含量（p<0.01）,提高肾脏SOD活性、CAT活性、GSH-Px活性及GSH含量（p<0.01）。结论:RPBA能明显提高肾脏中抗氧化酶活性,减少脂质过氧化,对小鼠酒精性肾损伤具有明显保护作用。      

紫山药低醇发酵饮料中乙醇含量的气相色谱法测定

建立了紫山药低醇发酵饮料中乙醇含量的气相色谱检测方法。HP-INNOWAX（30m×0.25mm×25μm）毛细管柱为样品分析柱时,甲醇为样品的稀释剂;正丙醇可作为乙醇定量分析的内标物。甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇的出峰时间分别为2.909、3.110、3.846min,乙醇与正丙醇的分离度大于30。乙醇浓度在0.2⁶.0mg/mL范围时,内标法测定的乙醇浓度与乙醇的峰面积的相关系数为0.9996,紫山药样品中乙醇的最低检出限为0.05mg/mL。该测定方法的乙醇回收率在94.4%¹07.4%之间,重复性实验的相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.23%,可满足紫山药低醇发酵饮料中乙醇含量的测定要求。      

脱羧酶基因ARO10的过量表达及其对Saccharomy cescerevisiae的β-苯乙醇合成代谢影响

为了验证脱羧酶在S.cerevisiaeβ-苯乙醇合成途径中的调控作用,本文从S.cerevisiae S288C中克隆脱羧酶基因ARO10,并构建由3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因PGK1组成型强启动子控制的ARO10基因表达载体pYES2-Ppgk-ARO10,将重组载体导入S.cerevisiae S288C,研究ARO10基因过量表达对重组菌株中β-苯乙醇合成的影响。经摇瓶实验测定,携带pYES2-Ppgk-ARO10的转化子SP10在发酵60h时β-苯乙醇产量达到最大量1.0g/L,较野生型的对照菌提高16.3%。研究结果表明,脱羧酶是S.cerevisiae S288C中β-苯乙醇生物合成途径的关键酶之一,增加ARO10基因表达量有利于提高β-苯乙醇产量,研究为构建β-苯乙醇高产工程菌株奠定了重要基础。      

食用酒精对鸭肠中胆固醇脱除效果研究

目的:探讨用酒精溶解胆固醇,为降低鸭肠中的胆固醇提供一条途径。方法:采用不同的酒精浓度、料液比、浸泡时间,在单因素实验的基础上结合响应曲面法优化酒精脱除鸭肠中胆固醇的最佳条件,胆固醇含量采用分光光度法测定。结果:通过实验得到酒精脱除鸭肠中胆固醇的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶8、酒精浓度23.56%、浸泡时间为2.7h。在此条件下,鸭肠中胆固醇的脱除率为44.64%。结论:食用酒精法能够有效脱除鸭肠中的胆固醇。      

Preparation,Properties, and Mechanism of Flame-Retardant Poly(vinyl alcohol) Aerogels Based on the Multi-Directional Freezing Method

In this work, exfoliated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and phosphated cellulose (PCF) were employed to synthesize poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogels (PVA/PCF/α-ZrP) with excellent flame retardancy through the multi-directional freezing method. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke release (TSR), and CO production (COP) of the (PVA/PCF₁₀/α-ZrP₁₀-3) composite aerogel were considerably decreased by 42.3%, 41.4%, and 34.7%, as compared to the pure PVA aerogel, respectively. Simultaneously, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved from 18.1% to 28.4%. The mechanistic study of flame retardancy showed evidence that PCF and α-ZrP promoted the crosslinking and carbonization of PVA chains to form a barrier, which not only served as insulation between the material and the air, but also significantly reduced the emissions of combustible toxic gases (CO₂, CO). In addition, the multi-directional freezing method further improved the catalytic carbonization process. This mutually advantageous strategy offers a new strategy for the preparation of composite aerogels with enhanced fire resistance.     

Properties,Physiological Functions and Involvement of Basidiomycetous Alcohol Oxidase in Wood Degradation

Extensive research efforts have been devoted to describing yeast alcohol oxidase (AO) and its promoter region, which is vastly applied in studies of heterologous gene expression. However, little is known about basidiomycetous AO and its physiological role in wood degradation. This review describes several alcohol oxidases from both white and brown rot fungi, highlighting their physicochemical and kinetic properties. Moreover, the review presents a detailed analysis of available AO-encoding gene promoter regions in basidiomycetous fungi with a discussion of the manipulations of culture conditions in relation to the modification of alcohol oxidase gene expression and changes in enzyme production. The analysis of reactions catalyzed by lignin-modifying enzymes (LME) and certain lignin auxiliary enzymes (LDA) elucidated the possible involvement of alcohol oxidase in the degradation of derivatives of this polymer. Combined data on lignin degradation pathways suggest that basidiomycetous AO is important in secondary reactions during lignin decomposition by wood degrading fungi. With numerous alcoholic substrates, the enzyme is probably engaged in a variety of catalytic reactions leading to the detoxification of compounds produced in lignin degradation processes and their utilization as a carbon source by fungal mycelium.     

响应面法优化杏皮渣汁酒精连续发酵工艺

采用固定化果酒酵母,产酯酵母和肠膜明串珠菌的混合菌细胞进行酒精连续发酵杏皮渣汁工艺的研究。以酒精度为指标,采用响应面实验设计法优化接种量、稀释率和可溶性固形物对酒精度的影响,同时建立数学模型。结果表明:酒精连续发酵的最佳工艺参数是:在稀释率0.02h-1,接种量16g/100m L,可溶性固形物17%,温度30℃,p H3.8的条件下,双级连续酒精发酵所得酒精度最高,模型预测值为6.3%（v/v）,与验证实验得到的酒精度6.18%（v/v）,仅相差0.12%（v/v）,从而证明了模型的可靠性。      

聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖/凹凸棒石复合材料的制备与性能

采用溶液共混法制备了不同凹凸棒石用量的聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖/凹凸棒石复合材料。研究了不同凹凸棒石用量对聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖/凹凸棒石复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,当凹凸棒石用量为聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖总质量的5%时,聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖/凹凸棒石复合材料力学性能最好。FT-IR和SEM测试结果表明复合材料中聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖和凹凸棒石之间存在强烈的相互作用,聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖基体表面致密,凹凸棒石与聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖具有良好的相容性。      

辣木叶中多酚提取的工艺研究

本论文采用热浸提法,以食用酒精为溶剂,考察酒精度数、液料比、D-异抗坏血酸钠用量、提取温度和提取时间对辣木叶多酚提取率的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面实验分析,优化了辣木叶多酚的提取工艺。结果表明,辣木叶多酚的最优提取工艺条件:食用酒精度数为64%vol,液料比为20∶1（m L·g-1）,D-异抗坏血酸钠添加量为0.15‰,提取温度为64℃,提取时间为115 min,在此条件下多酚的得率为3.39%。      

Chronic Alcohol Exposure Promotes Cancer Stemness and Glycolysis in Oral/Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines by Activating NFAT Signaling

Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol also enhances the progression and aggressiveness of existing cancers; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Especially, the local carcinogenic effects of alcohol on OSCC in closest contact with ingestion of alcohol are poorly understood. We demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure to OSCC increased cancer stem cell (CSC) populations and their stemness features, including self-renewal capacity, expression of stem cell markers, ALDH activity, and migration ability. The ethanol exposure also led to a significant increase in aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, increased aerobic glycolytic activity was required to support the stemness phenotype of ethanol-exposed OSCC, suggesting a molecular coupling between cancer stemness and metabolic reprogramming. We further demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling in OSCC. Functional studies revealed that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of NFAT suppressed CSC phenotype and aerobic glycolysis in ethanol-exposed OSCC. Collectively, chronic ethanol exposure promotes cancer stemness and aerobic glycolysis via activation of NFAT signaling. Our study provides a novel insight into the roles of cancer stemness and metabolic reprogramming in the molecular mechanism of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis.