铬酸钠碳化母液制备氢氧化铬工艺优化 及三氧化二铬粒度分布的影响

研究了利用铬酸钠碳化母液制备氢氧化铬工艺优化及三氧化二铬粒度分布的影响,主要考察了恒温温度、氢氧化铬洗涤方式对产品质量的影响;还考察了在固定煅烧条件下,铬酸钠含量对三氧化二铬颗粒形貌的影响以及铬酸钠碳化母液碳化率与三氧化二铬粒度分布的关系。结果表明,随着铬酸钠碳化母液碳化率的提升,Cr（Ⅵ）达到最大还原率时所需恒温温度下降,经过3次洗涤的氢氧化铬滤饼煅烧后铬酸钠质量分数为13%~15%,制备的三氧化二铬呈类球体,颗粒粒径均匀,洗涤烘干后各项参数指标均优于GB/T 20785—2006《氧化铬绿颜料》。通过增加原料碳化率,三氧化二铬颗粒的中位径D50随之增大,在碳化率为39.87%时制得的三氧化二铬中位径D50为 3.13 μm,粒度分布为典型的正态分布,其特征粒径值均符合高端氧化铬绿产品的技术要求。     

丙烯酸乙酯接枝改性共聚尼龙皮革涂饰剂的研究

以二过碘酸合银（ Ⅲ） 为氧化剂,以三元共聚尼龙为还原剂,组成氧化还原引发体系在三元共聚尼龙表面进行非均相接枝共聚合反应。研究了三元共聚尼龙接枝率与［Ａｇ（ Ⅲ）］ 、反应温度、反应时间及丙烯酸乙酯浓度之间的关系。实验表明,浓度为７ ．２ ×１０ －４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,丙烯酸乙酯浓度为１ ．０８ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,反应温度为４７ ℃时接枝率在１８８ ％ 。单体与水的配比对接枝反应也有影响。     

有机酸钾盐对气溶胶发生剂的消焰降温作用研究

研究了有机酸钾盐对于一种烟火型气溶胶发生剂 (EBM灭火剂 )的消焰降温作用 ,对比分析了不同有机酸钾盐在不同添加量时的改性效果     

我国铬盐生产状况及发展建议

简要介绍我国铬盐生产的发展过程、工艺状况及铬渣治理状况,对铬盐生产提出了发展建议。     

掩蔽锶-铬酸钡-碘量法测定碳酸锶中钡

采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠掩蔽锶,在ＰＨ值为５．９条件下,钡离子重铬酸钾生成铬酸钡沉淀,分离后,用碘量法测定。相对标准偏差１．０２％－２．１７％,加标回收率９５％－１０３％。     

绿色达克罗技术的研究进展

达克罗涂层具有优良的耐蚀性,其工艺简单、无污染,因此被广泛应用于很多防腐领域的基材表面处理.介绍了国内外达克罗技术的发展史,概括了达克罗膜层的性能特点及耐蚀机理,综述了对达克罗涂液主要原材料的研究情况,并指出了该技术存在的一些不足及其今后发展的趋势.     

Effects of nutrient cycling on grain yields and potassium balance

Soybean-maize rotation is a profitable cropping system and is used under rain fed conditions in north China. Since crop yields have been reported to decrease when K fertilizers are not used, we analyzed the productivity trends, soil-exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents, and K balance in a continuous cropping experiment conducted in an area with an alfisol soil in the Liaohe River plain, China. The trial, established in early 1990 and continued till 2007, included 8 combinations of recycled manure and N, P, and K fertilizers. In the unfertilized plot, the yields of soybean and maize were 1,486 and 4,124 kg ha⁻¹ respectively (mean yield over 18 years). The yields of both soybean and maize increased to 2,195 and 7,476 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, in response to the application of inorganic N, P, and K fertilizers. The maximum yields of soybean (2,424 kg ha⁻¹) and maize (7,790 kg ha⁻¹) were obtained in the plots under treatment with N, P, and K fertilizers and recycled manure. K was one of the yield-limiting macronutrients: regular K application was required to make investments in the application of other mineral nutrients profitable. The decrease in the yields of soybean and maize owing to the absence of K application averaged 400 and 780 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. Soybean seed and maize grain yields significantly increased with the application of recycled manure. For both these crops, the variation coefficients of grain were lower with treatments that included recycled manure than without treatment. After 18 years, the soil-exchangeable and non-exchangeable K concentrations decreased; the concentrations in the case of treatments that did not include K fertilizers were not significantly different. Treatment with N, P, and K fertilizers appreciably improved the fertility level of the soil, increased the concentration of soil-exchangeable K, and decreased the non-exchangeable K concentration. In soils under treatment with N, P, and K fertilizers and recycled manure, the soil-exchangeable and non-exchangeable K levels in the 0–20 cm-deep soil layer increased by 34% and 2%, respectively, over the initial levels. Both soil-exchangeable and non-exchangeable K concentrations were the highest with on treatment with N, P, and K fertilizers and recycled manure, followed by treatment with N, P, and K fertilizers. These concentrations were lowest in unfertilized soils; the other treatments yielded intermediate results. The results showed a total removal of K by the crops, and the amount removed exceeded the amount of K added to the soil; in treatments that did not include K fertilizers, a net negative K balance was observed, from 184 to 575 kg ha⁻². The combined use of N, P, and K fertilizers and recycled manure increased the K content of the 0–20 cm-deep soil layer by 125% compared to the increase obtained with the application of N, P, and K fertilizers alone. The results clearly reveal that current mineral fertilizer applications are inadequate; instead, the annual application of recycled manure along with N, P, and K fertilizers could sustain future yields and soil productivity.     

Selective oxidation of propane over alkali-doped Mo–V–Sb–O catalysts

Alkali metal-doped MoVSbO catalysts have been prepared by impregnation of a MoVSbO-mixed oxide (prepared previously by a hydrothermal synthesis) and finally activated at 500 or 600 °C in N₂. The catalysts have been characterized and tested for the selective oxidation of propane and propylene. Alkali-doped catalysts improved in general the catalytic performance of MoVSbO, resulting more selective to acrylic acid and less selective to acetic acid than the corresponding alkali-free MoVSbO catalysts. However, the specific behaviour strongly depends on both the alkali metal added and/or the final activation temperature. At isoconversion conditions, catalysts activated at 600 °C present selectivity to acrylic acid higher than that achieved on those activated at 500 °C, both K-doped catalysts presenting the highest yield to acrylic acid. The changes in the number of acid sites as well as the nature of crystalline phases can explain the catalytic behaviour of alkali-doped MoVSbO catalysts.     

A Rapid Synthesis of Oriented Palladium Nanoparticles by UV Irradiation

Palladium nanoparticles of average size around 8 nm have been synthesized rapidly by UV irradiation of mixture of palladium chloride and potassium oxalate solutions. A rod-shaped palladium oxalate complex has been observed as an intermediate. In the absence of potassium oxalate, no Pd nanoparticles have been observed. The synthesized Pd nanoparticles have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selective area electron diffraction and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) analyses. XRD analysis indicates the preferential orientation of catalytically active {111} planes in Pd nanoparticles. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of anisotropic Pd nanoparticles.