火工品用外购器材的质量控制

火工品用外购器材的质量问题是影响产品质量的重要因素,阐明了外购器材的质量控制方法,并探讨了要重点抓好的几个关键环节。     

中国联通采购管理系统应用分析

介绍中国联通采购管理系统建设面临的业务现状、问题、系统的解决方案，并对系统的应用价值进行了分析，提出未来发展的展望。     

‘Green procurement’ of buildings: a study of Swedish clients' considerations

The results of a survey show that both public and private building clients in Sweden, to varying extents, include environmental requirements in their procurement documents. The requirements identified have been classified into six categories primarily related to building and demolition waste, building material, contractors' environmental work, ecological aspects, construction work and other. One conclusion is that requirements regarding the separation of waste and a contractor's environmental policy are considered important, since they are stipulated in the majority of projects. Another finding is that requirements related to operation and especially to energy use are not considered sufficiently. Structured interviews were conducted with three of the clients who at that time of the survey had developed the most complete procurement documents with regard to environmental requirements. The aim of the interviews was to investigate how the stipulation of requirements, the evaluation of environmental aspects and the verification of environmental requirements were carried out. The conclusion drawn is that Swedish clients find the stipulation of requirements relatively uncomplicated, but find the evaluation of environmental impact, mainly related to selection of materials, problematic due to inadequate evaluation models.     

Comparing Procurement Methods for Design-Build Projects

The design-build delivery method is increasingly used in the United States due to numerous advantages it can offer a project. An important issue associated with design-build delivery is the procurement method used to select the design-build team. It is a critical decision that involves several key project team members, including the owner, designer, and contractor organizations, and requires the owner to carefully choose the design-build procurement method that will be used to select the team that will deliver the project. This research quantitatively analyzed the correlation between the design-build procurement method and the performance of the design-build project with regard to cost, time, and quality metrics. The procurement methods studied were sole source, qualifications-based, best value, and low bid selection. Data were collected through surveys from 76 design-build projects in the United States. Based on the patterns and relationships identified from these data, a better understanding of the procurement process and how it influences project performance is achieved. The impact of project-specific factors and guidelines are presented to assist owners in selecting the design-build team procurement method that responds to their project goals.     

Benchmarking a multi-access system

This paper describes an attempt to test the multi-access capabilities of three widely differing systems. Some of the difficulties encountered in trying to find a common approach are detailed.     

Gates’ Bidding Model

In evaluating closed-bid competitive procurement auctions, the most crucial issue is to determine the probability of placing a winning bid for a given markup level. There has long been disagreement on how this should be done due to the absence of a mathematical derivation of one of the main evaluation techniques—Gates’ method. Gates’ method is shown in this paper to be valid if, and only if, bids can be described using the proportional hazards family of statistical distributions. When markup values are included in Gates’ method, it is seen that the underlying statistical distribution required for the method to work is closely related to the Weibull distribution. Likelihood based methods are suggested for parameter estimation and an illustrative example is provided by analysis of Shaffer and Micheau's 1971 construction contract bidding data.     

Cost Performance Comparison of Two Public Sector Project Procurement Techniques

Increased industry discussion of the potential benefits of alternative forms of construction project delivery often presents little cost analysis of options. This work presents the results of a cost comparison study of completed public sector municipal facilities design and construction projects—a portion of which delivered using a traditional design-bid-build procurement approach and a portion of which delivered using the procurement technique of a negotiated lump sum construction contracts with in-house construction forces. The study compares costs for all phases of all the projects (design, bid and award, construction, and total project cost) across both methods of project procurement. Conclusions examine the cost trade-offs of using negotiated contracts with in-house forces, outline key success factors identified through this study in order to optimize the use of this form of project procurement, and identify areas for future research.     

Supplier selection and procurement decisions with uncertain demand,fixed selection costs and quantity discounts

In this paper, we study the supplier selection and procurement decision problem with uncertain demand, quantity discounts and fixed selection costs. In addition, a holding cost is incurred for the excess inventory if the buyer orders more than the realized demand and the shortage must be satisfied by an emergent purchase at a higher price otherwise. The objective is to select the suppliers and to allocate the ordering quantity among them to minimize the total cost (including selecting, procurement, holding and shortage costs, etc.). The problem is modeled as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) and is shown to be NP-hard. Some properties of the optimal policy are provided and an optimal algorithm is proposed based on the generalized Bender's decomposition. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of the algorithm and to obtain some managerial insights.     

Key considerations for developing corporate and operational approaches for managing the small building works portfolio of large client organizations

Many large organizations, which act in the capacity of clients to the construction industry, own and occupy extensive, diverse and often geographically dispersed property estates. To maintain their upkeep and use, these estates often require very considerable annual expenditure on maintenance, alterations, refurbishment and small-scale new building works. Activities encompassing these types form the category of small building works, a sub-sector of the construction industry which amounts to around £9 billion, or 20%, of annual UK total construction output. The effective management of small building works in the context of any organization with large property holdings is essential, as better management of the small building works portfolio can contribute significantly to the business of the organization. This paper contributes new data and adds to the synthesis of findings from research studies into small works, supported by governmental and industry sources and conducted over a 10-year period. It aims to assist in the development of corporate and operational approaches for managing the small building works portfolio of large organizations by highlighting key considerations. These are linked to a dynamic control cycle, or system, to assist organizations in implementing practice based on the considerations made.     

Assessment of the factors influencing the maintenance programme of a large university building in Riyadh

The amount of money invested in the building industry in the last two decades in Saudi Arabia is about SR 1251 ($234) billion. The result is a stock of large projects in housing, hospitals, universities (seven in number) etc. These buildings require efficient maintenance programmes to enable them to be serviced properly. Such programmes are handicapped by a number of interrelated factors. Such factors, like the harsh climatic conditions, presence of chlorides and sulphates in soil and water, contracting systems and lack of codes and building standards, have varied influences in maintenance. This paper, attempts to examine these factors through an analysis of the maintenance programmes of a university campus building in Riyadh.