企业物资采购招投标工作研究

以物资采购为着眼点,针对工程物资招标采购过程中可能出现的一些问题,给出了可靠的解决方法;阐述了招投标工作的特点,并对如何做好招投标工作给出了几点建议.     

如何开展酒店项目机电优化设计

以阿尔及利亚安纳巴喜来登五星级酒店（HSA）总承包项目为例,探讨酒店项目机电专业优化设计的必要性,介绍项目各阶段优化设计的特点,给出机电专业优化设计实施要点,包括机电工程师应具备的专业功底、采用正确的标准等。     

基于BP神经网络的飞机娱乐系统采购短期预测

针对传统航材采购决策行为的局限性,研究了基于BP神经网络的航材采购短期预测方法,拟在建立BP神经网络模型的基础上,将BP神经网络模型运用到航材采购量短期预测中来,根据历史数据建立BP神经网络对其进行训练形成飞机娱乐系统采购量预测模型。阐明神经网络在决策时能提供更多的支持信息,实现采购数量科学化。并进一步通过预测结果说明基于神经网络的航材采购量短期预测是一个行之有效的方法,为民航航材集中采购的理论和方法提供借鉴和参考。     

An empirical analysis of the main drivers affecting the buyer surplus in E-auctions

We empirically examine the impacts of the product category, the auction format, the 2008 global financial crisis, the group purchasing, the contract type, the platform ownership, and the number of participating suppliers on the buyer surplus obtained from e-auctions. To this end, we collect a unique dataset from a purchasing organisation that offers e-auction solutions to its corporate customers. By using a standard Tobit model, we show that the product categories, the auction type, and the number of participating suppliers have significant effects on the decrease in the procurement prices with respect to the minimum of the initial submitted bids. It is observed that the 2008 global financial crisis led to an increase in the buyer surplus. We classify the product categories into three groups based on their impacts on the average of the decrease in the procurement prices. We show that the average decrease in procurement prices is higher for the group purchasing option than for the individual buying option. It is concluded that the types of contract between buyers and auctioneer and the platform ownership have no statistically significant effects on the average decrease in procurement prices.     

国际EPC项目工程索赔实例

工程索赔是工程项目管理中最重要的工作之一,同时也是难度极大的工作.发包方与承包方从维护各自利益的角度出发会对合同及索赔事件有不同的理解,在错综复杂的事件中寻找双方可以接受的事件处理基准也同样十分困难.本文根据作者参与的一个国际EPC工程索赔成功的案例,通过对整个索赔过程的描述及分析,介绍索赔的程序及原则,希望能对同行有...     

材料管理集成系统在大型国际EPC项目上的应用

大型国际EPC项目对项目总体执行计划、采购管理策略、全球采购实施、全过程项目材料管理的要求很高。国际项目执行过程中利益相关者众多、各项活动的实施地域分散、各参与方的文化背景差异巨大,这些因素给项目物资供应带来很大的挑战,如何“安全、及时、经济”地保供成为项目采购与材料管理的最终目标。为了完成该目标项目组必须借助大型集成的材料与采购管理系统,从材料定义开始直至材料发放为止,全过程地管理与监控项目建设所需的设备材料,最终保证项目物资供应满足项目建设需求。     

Facility Maintenance Performance Perspective to Target Strategic Organizational Objectives

While facility design is increasingly playing a role addressing strategic organizational objectives, issues pertaining to facility maintenance have typically been left out of the decision-making process. Reasons include the traditional disconnection between facility design and facility maintenance, mainly originating from the lack of a modality to meaningfully represent facility maintenance information during design decision making. This paper discusses two sets of facility maintenance indicators that have the potential to bridge this traditional divide. The objective of this paper is threefold: (1) to illustrate how maintenance performance indicators can support higher-level decision making; (2) to explain how the methodology could be mapped across building sectors; and (3) to show how facility maintenance could play a crucial role in informing strategic decision making. Two types of indicators are introduced based on: (1) normative models in biophysics and physiology and (2) empiricist models of environment-behavior studies. Using examples from hospital, courthouse, and office building design, the paper articulates the manner in which facility performance indicators could be developed and used to support organizational strategic decision making. The paper demonstrates that facility maintenance indicators could be developed for all types of buildings and could be meaningfully represented for consideration during strategic decision making. Moreover, using an example of a healthcare setting, the paper emphasizes how facility maintenance strategies have an impact on higher-level organizational objectives, and vice versa, thereby underscoring the importance to consider maintenance performance during strategic decision making. The paper shows how the two sets of key performance indicators—the hard and the soft—are designed to address different scales of decision making, thereby allowing facility maintenance performance to be considered at all phases of a procurement cycle.     

Critical Success Factors for PPPs in Infrastructure Developments: Chinese Perspective

With the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, the desperate demand for infrastructure developments has created bottlenecks in the country’s sustainable development. Infrastructure investment could not be funded completely by the government alone. Taking Beijing as an example, there will be about 2,400 infrastructure projects to be developed during 2006–2010 with a total investment of over RMB 470 billion, which may impose budgetary pressure on the government. As a result, public-private partnership (PPP) could be considered as a favorable option to help provide these rapidly demanded public works and services. In order to investigate the potential for adopting PPPs in the People’s Republic of China, this paper aims to explore the critical success factors (CSFs) necessary to conduct PPP projects. The views from Chinese experts were collected via an empirical questionnaire survey. The respondents were invited to rate a total of 18 CSFs that contribute to the success of PPP projects as gleaned from the contemporary literature. The results of this survey were analyzed by the factor analysis technique. The findings showed that the 18 CSFs could be grouped into five underlying factors including: Factor 1—stable macroeconomic environment; Factor 2—shared responsibility between public and private sectors; Factor 3—transparent and efficient procurement process; Factor 4—stable political and social environment; and Factor 5—judicious government control.     

Procurement of Design-Build Services: Two-Phase Selection for Highway Projects

In the United States, public agencies are adopting the design-build (DB) delivery method for delivering highway projects after having used the traditional design-bid-build method for generations. In the 2002 design-build contracting final rule, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) strongly encourages the use of two-phase selection procedures for DB procurement. This paper takes a case study approach to investigating the use of a two-phase process for selecting providers of highway design-build services. Using two DB projects in central Texas as case studies, the writers have analyzed project documentation and performed interviews with 37 project participants involved in procurement, including owner representatives and legal consultants. For the first case, the writers selected the $1.3 billion SH-130 tolled expressway project in central Texas. Procurement of the SH-130 DB contract was performed before the FHWA rule on DB contracting was released. In addition, the writers examined procurement activities for the $154 million DB contract for the SH-45 SE tolled expressway, which was procured by the same owner in 2004 following procedures identified in the FHWA rule. As a result, a process was developed that included activities to be performed between the delivery method decision and the contract execution. This process model tracks the differences between the SH-130 and the SH-45 SE processes that are attributable to the latter’s adoption of the FHWA Rule.     

Perception of Financial Institutions toward Financing PFI Projects in Hong Kong

Private finance initiative (PFI) has emerged to be a viable strategy for governments to transfer financial risks in public projects to the private sector. It does not only help tap the efficiency and finances of the private sector but it also promises to deliver better public services to the community. Despite these obvious incentives, there is still a low PFI diffusion in Hong Kong. Based on this understanding, we have undertaken this exploratory study, which is probably the first of its kind, to investigate the PFI’s financial issues from the perspective of financial suppliers. This study was intended to identify factors that may affect the perception of the supplier side and to explore ways to facilitate their participation in PFI projects. The findings suggest that respondents had low level of understanding and knowledge of the PFI and they perceived that PFI public projects had an average risk and performance. To increase their involvement, several enablers are provided in this paper.