基于Shapley值的联合采购利益分配方法改进研究

基于对联合采购策略和Shapley值方法的研究,在Shapley值方法中引入了企业的风险、贡献以及初始投入等影响因素,并运用AHP法、模糊综合评判法、DELPHI法等方法,对上述影响因素进行了量化计算,完善了现有的Shapley值方法。同时通过对某一采购联盟利益分配的实证研究证实了改进后的方法是行之有效的。     

What risks are common to or amplified in programmes: Evidence from UK public sector infrastructure schemes

The management of risk is critical in organisations that work in multi-project environments. Project risk management is relatively mature. However, the programme risk management body of knowledge is still evolving. This paper presents empirical evidence from the UK public sector highlighting the risks that are common to or amplified by working in programmes. In the main, these risks are associated with changes in government policy, diverse stakeholder aspirations and the challenges of multiple project procurement. These risks relate to the role of programme management in providing the link between individual projects and their strategic context.     

工程项目采购成本控制研究

采购是工程项目成本优化的关键环节,成功的采购不仅来自于采购方的采购行为,更依赖于高水平的采购管理.本文着眼于此,从项目实践出发,讨论采购成本的控制方法,进而提出了改进建议.     

Potential Obstacles to Successful Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships in Beijing and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Public-private partnership (PPP) has been practiced for quite some time around the world and there are numerous infrastructure, construction, and building projects which are employing the concepts. Unfortunately, not all of these PPP projects are equally successful and some of these projects have been exposed to formidable obstacles. The need to identify potential obstacles for PPP projects is therefore becoming an important issue for both research and practice. Despite the amount of interest vested in PPP, it is normally the advantages of PPP that are touched on rather than the potential obstacles. Both Beijing and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (referred to as Hong Kong from here onwards) have been keen to introduce more PPP projects. This paper presents part of the findings of an empirical questionnaire survey in relation to the prevailing barriers to PPP success conducted in these two administrative systems. It was anticipated that the obstacles would be similar for these jurisdictions. Respondents were asked to rate the level of severity of thirteen potential obstacles toward PPP projects identified from a literature review. The top three obstacles rated by the Beijing respondents were found to be “lengthy delays in negotiation,” “lack of experience and appropriate skills,” and “lengthy delays because of political debate.” Similarly the first and third obstacles ranked by the Beijing respondents were also ranked within top three by the Hong Kong respondents, together with “very few schemes have actually reached the contract stage (aborted before contract).” It was also discerned that “less employment positions,” “reduce the project accountability,” and “high project costs” were all ranked bottom by both of the Beijing and Hong Kong respondents. Moreover, the results obtained in the United Kingdom reported in other studies also shown consistency with those of Beijing and Hong Kong. Therefore the research hypothesis was proved to be true. Although the importance of the obstacles was similar it was realized that the scores obtained in the United Kingdom survey were much lower. This observation showed that the British respondents were less threatened by the obstacles, probably due to the fact that they are much more experienced and confident in undertaking PPP projects compared to Beijing and Hong Kong. Further analysis of the data reflected that the responses within each administrative system were consistent as revealed from the Kendall’s concordance analysis. Although the Spearman rank correlation test indicated that there was no significant disagreement on the rankings of obstacles between respondents of the two administrative systems, considerable difference was detected by the independent two-sample t-test in the mean value of their responses between the two administrative systems for the two obstacles lack of experience and appropriate skills and lengthy delays in negotiation. In Beijing, respondents felt that lack of experience and appropriate skills were highly important ranking it second place, but in Hong Kong this obstacle was ranked eighth, showing their confidence in experience and skills. For lengthy delays in negotiation, although the ranking between Beijing and Hong Kong was similar the difference in score showed a large variation. This represents a difference in tendering procedures between the two administrative regions. Triangulation with real cases largely supports the survey findings.     

Incorporating Domain Knowledge and Information Retrieval Techniques to Develop an Architectural/Engineering/Construction Online Product Search Engine

This paper introduces a domain-specific search engine, which was developed to take advantage of the growing online product information for surveying the virtual product market. Knowledge about a product was uniquely incorporated with query expansion operations and the extended Boolean model retrieval approach to handle issues associated with the search engine development. The search engine was designed to (1) represent and utilize the represented knowledge in the product domain; (2) identify online product information; and (3) then evaluate the collected online product information. A prototype search engine for testing was developed and statistically validated with five data sets with each data set being derived from a different type of product according to MasterFormat (Alexandria, Va.) categorization. The validation results indicated that compared with the tested general search engine or aggregated information service, the prototype was able to identify more distinct product manufacturers for procurement-related decision support.     

Evaluating Qualification-Based Selection System: A Simulation Approach

Abnormally low bids and contractors’ opportunistic bidding behavior are frequently observed in the competitive bidding system. Many research findings have pointed out that price competition itself is not sufficient to guarantee the use of economical and good quality products. The qualification-based selection (QBS) system has been proposed as a potential solution to this problem. However, due to lack of supporting data, most previous studies could only assess its effectiveness based on a single case experience and subjective opinions from questionnaire surveys. Few studies have analyzed contractors’ pricing behavior under the QBS system and the effects of the QBS system on market competition. This paper develops a simulation model to analyze contractors’ pricing behavior and dynamic competition process under the QBS system. The research results suggest that although the QBS system has potential to encourage contractors to place more emphasis on project quality, once the price is included as one of the selection criteria, abnormally low bids could still be problematic. The success of the QBS system is highly dependent on the linkage between contractors’ past performance and the evaluation of contractors’ qualifications. Only when contractors’ past performance is carefully and constantly examined and closely reflected in the bid evaluation can the contractors’ opportunistic bidding behavior be reduced and quality products be ensured.     

有色金属行业采购系统分布式数据库设计

通过对某大型有色金属企业的组织机构地域分布特点、采购作业流程和采购系统数据特征的分析，利用Oracle对分布式数据库的良好支持．结合各种采购数据的分布特征及各部门的数据访问需求，设计了该行业采购系统的分布式数据库方案，以提高数据访问效率。基于该方案所实现的采购系统较好的解决了大量数据传输效率问题，避免集中式数据库的通信瓶颈，实现了数据处理负载均衡，同时满足了数据共享需求。     

Amanda Levete Architects (AL_A)

Like a phoenix rising from the ashes, Amanda Levete Architects (AL_A) is taking up where Future Systems left off. Led by Amanda Levete, previous co-director of Future Systems with the late Jan Kaplicky', the practice retains its unique sensibility with its emphasis on new technologies, materials, science and engineering combined with art, design, fashion and the organic. Mark Garcia visited AL_A's Notting Hill-based studios to review the current projects of this 40-strong team and to talk to Levete about the underlying design principles and processes behind the office's work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

政府采购信息管理系统探究

政府采购快速发展的同时伴随着资金效率低下、信息不透明、权力腐败等问题，政府采购管理信息管理系统作为监管的有效途径得到政府高度重视。通过回顾我国政府采购信息管理系统的发展历程，分析其现状，找出系统面临需突破的问题，并提出相应的解决对策，以促进政府采购信息管理系统进一步发展。     

The comparison of two procurement strategies in the presence of supply disruption

The emergency procurement strategy and the optimal allocation procurement strategy are widely used for managing supply disruption risks. In this paper, we investigate two competing manufacturers using these procurement strategies in the presence of supply disruption risks. The joint pricing and ordering decisions of both manufacturers are analyzed using the game theoretic framework. The structural property of the manufacturer with the optimal allocation procurement strategy is characterized by the reliability threshold value, which further determines the equilibrium outcomes for both manufacturers. We find the reliability threshold is a generalization of the supplier’s reliability level, which involves all the critical factors that influence manufacturers’ procurement decisions under a competitive scenario. The optimal allocation procurement strategy for manufacturer profit maximization in a non-competitive scenario does not necessarily generate competitive advantage in a competitive scenario; under a wide range of parameters, the emergency procurement strategy can produce larger profit for the manufacturer than the optimal allocation procurement strategy when all suppliers are unreliable. The effects of reliability level and costs on procurement decisions are examined using comparative studies and numerical computations.