Multiobjective optimization of biorefineries with economic and safety objectives

A new approach for the incorporation of safety criteria into the selection, location, and sizing of a biorefinery is introduced. In addition to the techno‐economic factors, risk metrics are used in the decision‐making process by considering the cumulative risk associated with key stages of the life cycle of a biorefinery that includes biomass storage and transportation, process conversion into biofuels or bioproducts, and product storage. The fixed cost of the process along with the operating costs for transportation and processing as well as the value of the product are included. An optimization formulation is developed based on a superstructure that embeds potential supply chains of interest. The optimization program establishes the tradeoffs between cost and safety issues in the form of Pareto curves. A case study on bio‐hydrogen production is solved to illustrate the merits of the proposed approach. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2427–2434, 2013     

高密度聚乙烯/石墨/碳纤维导热复合材料性能的研究

采用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、石墨、碳纤维制备高导热、高强度的复合材料。通过SEM照片考察高密度聚乙烯/石墨/碳纤维复合体系的微观结构;研究石墨及碳纤维的加入是否可以形成导热通道以及随着石墨的添加量的提高,复合材料的导热性能及其力学性能的变化。结果表明:当石墨的质量分数为60%,碳纤维的质量分数为5%时,复合材料的导热系数达到7.938 W/(m.K),是纯HDPE的20倍。     

Integration of scheduling and control for batch processes using multi‐parametric model predictive control

Integration of scheduling and control results in Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) which is computationally expensive. The online implementation of integrated scheduling and control requires repetitively solving the resulting MINLP at each time interval. (Zhuge and Ierapetritou, Ind Eng Chem Res. 2012;51:8550–8565) To address the online computation burden, we incorporare multi‐parametric Model Predictive Control (mp‐MPC) in the integration of scheduling and control. The proposed methodology involves the development of an integrated model using continuous‐time event‐point formulation for the scheduling level and the derived constraints from explicit MPC for the control level. Results of case studies of batch processes prove that the proposed approach guarantees efficient computation and thus facilitates the online implementation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3169–3183, 2014     

Heat-integrated reactor concepts for catalytic reforming and automotive exhaust purification

Optimal solutions in environmental catalysis require a well-coordinated development of catalysts and of process design. This contribution is devoted to energy integrated design concepts for fuel reforming and for automotive exhaust purification. The examples presented demonstrate the importance of an innovative process design for optimal utilization of existing catalysts and show the potential of future developments.

New concepts for steam reforming through the efficient coupling of the endothermic reforming reaction with an exothermic combustion reaction are discussed in the first part. These concepts have been implemented for methanol steam reforming in a counter-current reactor with distributed side feed of burner gas and for methane steam reforming in a modular reactor with a co-current reaction section for the endothermic and the combustion reaction and attached counter-current heat exchangers. Both applications employ the so-called folded sheet reactor design, which ensures an excellent heat transfer between the reforming and combustion channels and efficient heat recovery.

A similar design solution is introduced for the apparently different case of automotive exhaust purification. The proposed concept aims at decoupling exhaust after-treatment from engine control. Its main component is a counter-current heat exchanger with integrated purification stages for HC-oxidation, NO_X storage and reduction and soot filtering. A small catalytic burner at the hot end of the heat exchanger provides both heat and oxidizing or reducing agents on demand. A new soot filter design allows for safe soot filter regeneration.     

我国陶瓷产业产学研战略联盟的完善

目前，我国已形成了较为完整的陶瓷产业体系，产学研合作无论在形式还是在内容上都进入到一个新阶段，战略联盟已基本形成，但必须不断完善。为此，本文在总结我国陶瓷产业产学研合作现有几种形式的基础上，从观念、机制、政策等方面提出了完善我国陶瓷产业产学研战略联盟的措施。     

bPE-g-MAH对PC/bPE共混物力学性能与断面形态结构的影响

利用熔融接枝法制备了双峰聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(bPE-g-MAH),将其用作聚碳酸酯/双峰聚乙烯(PC/bPE)共混物的增容剂。通过力学性能测试和扫描电镜分析,研究了bPE-g-MAH对共混物相容性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:bPE-g-MAH的加入使得PC和bPE两相的界面黏合作用增强,使PC/bPE共混物的冲击强度显著提高。     

新型耐高温聚酯PCT

PCT(聚对苯二甲酸1,4环己二甲醇酯)是一种新型耐高温聚酯,具有优异的韧性,很低的吸湿性,很好的加工成型性和耐化学性能。概述了PCT的制备、性能和应用。     

DAP尾气循环联产MAP过程分析与现场实验

分析了引进60万吨/年磷酸二铵（DAP）装置尾气排放产生“磷铵雨”污染的热力学机理,主要是尾气湿度过高在烟囱内局部位置产生凝雾.提出尾气脱湿消减质量能量的过程同时成为磷酸一铵（MAP）产品加工过程的循环工艺.计算表明该工艺使尾气湿含量减少至0.065 kg H₂O•（kg air)^-1,所获能量可以替代24万吨/年MAP生产装置热能消耗的45%.尾气部分冷凝-磷酸降膜蒸发过程耦合技术是实现该工艺高效率利用二次能源的关键.现场实验表明耦合过程总的传热系数达500～600 W•m^-2•K^-1,同时具有磷酸浓缩低温、低循环量和扩展蒸发表面的优势,证明了DAP尾气循环联产MAP清洁生产技术的前景.     

烧结法制备微晶玻璃材料

微晶玻璃是由玻璃原位析晶而获得的一种结构均匀，致密，晶粒尺寸为纳米或亚微米级的新型陶瓷复合材料。本文介绍了烧结法制备徽晶玻璃复合材料的特征、工艺原理、微观结构、性能及应用。     

流程企业管理与控制信息集成系统

流程企业管理与控制信息集成系统是计算机管理网络和计算机集散控制系统的有机结合，为过程企业生产和管理的现代化提供了科学手段和依据。以锦天化为例，阐述企业管理、调度指挥等管理与控制技术集成系统的设计实现过程，以及系统的结构与组成等。