Sparse Approximations of the LMMSE Channel Estimation in OFDM with Transmitter Diversity

The linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) channel estimation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems requires a large number of complex multiplications. We evaluate a simplified LMMSE channel estimation algorithm in a transmit diversity environment by applying a significant weight catching (SWC) technique to the LMMSE fixed weighting matrix. The SWC technique itself is based on modifying the smoothing matrix by leaving the Γ largest values in each row and turning the rest to zeros. This allows the computational complexity of the full LMMSE processor to be reduced by more than 50%. In the well known LMMSE by singular value decomposition (SVD) technique the sparse approximation is accomplished by zeroing out all but the r largest singular values. LMMSE by SVD is the preferred approximation technique for low delay spread channels. However, in channels with large delay spreads, LMMSE by SWC is a better choice in terms of computational complexity and estimation accuracy Igor Tolochkoreceived his Dipl.-Eng. Degree in Electrical Engineering from Polytechnic Institute, Riga, Latvia in 1987 and PhD from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia in 2005. He was a senior and later principal design engineer in mobile communications at the Riga Semiconductor Institute Alpha (1988 – 1993). During 1993 – 1998, he was involved in research and development activities in communications with different companies in Riga and Melbourne, Australia. From 1998 to 2002, he was with Ericsson Australia as a senior design engineer. Currently, he works for NEC Australia Pty. Ltd. as a senior design engineer in 3G Mobile Department. His current research interests include digital signal processing, indoor and outdoor wireless communications and error control coding. Michael Faulkner(M'84) received the B.Sc. (Eng) from Queen Mary College, London University, UK, in 1970, the M.E. degree from the University of New South Wales, Australia in 1978, and the PhD from University of Technology Sydney in 1993. From 1972 to 1975 he was with STC (now Alcatel) Australia. From 1975 to 1977 he as with the University of New South Wales, and since then as a lecturer and now professor at Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia where he is director of the Telecommunications and Micro-electronics research centre. Between 1988 and 2000 he spent four periods at Lund University, Sweden. He was co-recipient of the IEE's 1997 IERE prize for a paper on amplifier linearisation. His current interests are, signal processing, radio technology, radio systems and MIMO/OFDM.     

Robust adaptive beamforming for large-scale arrays

For a large-scale adaptive array, heavy computational load and high-rate data transmission are two challenges in the implementation of an adaptive digital beamforming system. Moreover, the large-scale array becomes extremely sensitive to array imperfections. First, based on a restructured recursive linearly constrained minimum variance algorithm and a gradient-based optimization method, a new robust recursive linearly constrained minimum variance (RRLCMV) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The computational load of the RRLCMV algorithm is on the order of o(N), which is less than that of the conventional gradient-based robust adaptive algorithm. Then, a new efficient parallel robust recursive linearly constrained minimum variance (PRRLCMV) adaptive algorithm is proposed by appropriately partitioning the RRLCMV algorithm into a number of operational modules. It can be easily executed in a distributed-parallel-processing fashion, sequentially and in parallel. As a result, the PRRLCMV algorithm provides an effective solution that can alleviate the bottleneck of high-rate data transmission and reduce the computational cost. Finally, an implementation scheme of the PRRLCMV algorithm based on a distributed-parallel-processing system is also proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that the new PRRLCMV algorithm can significantly reduce the degradation due to various array errors.     

低渗透油藏有效厚度下限标准研究

低渗透油藏储层物性较差,通常油层在酸化压裂等工艺技术措施下,才可产出工业油流,对低渗透油藏有效储层进行测井解释较为困难。从冷家堡油田冷46区块的油藏特征出发,建立了一套有效厚度下限标准研究方法。为检测油层有效厚度划分精度,在取心井中选取5口井进行岩心厚度与测井厚度对比,层划准率达100%。并据此标准划分39口单井有效厚度,有效地保证油层射孔,为注水开发提供可靠的依据。     

Variational approach to the analysis of steady‐state thermo‐elastic wear regimes

A transient wear process on frictional interface of two thermo‐elastic bodies in a relative steady sliding motion induces shape evolution of contact interface and tends to a steady state for which the wear process occurs at fixed contact stress and strain distribution. The temperature field generated by frictional and wear dissipation on the contact surface is assumed to reach a steady state. This state is assumed to correspond to minimum of the wear dissipation power and the temperature field corresponds to maximum of the heat entropy production. The stationarity conditions of the response functionals provide the contact pressure distribution and the corresponding temperature field. The present approach extends the authors previous analyses of optimal or steady‐state contact shapes by accounting for coupled wear and thermal distortion effects. The wear rule is assumed as a non‐linear relation of wear rate to shear stress and relative sliding velocity. The analysis of disk and drum brakes is presented with account for thermal distortion effect. It is shown that the contact shape in a steady thermo‐elastic state essentially differs from that specified for mechanical loading with neglect of thermal effects. The thermal instability regimes are not considered in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山核桃壳棕色素的生物活性及其红外光谱分析

用体积分数95%乙醇提取山核桃壳棕色素,经AB-8大孔树脂纯化后,对其生物活性及红外光谱进行研究。结果表明:质量浓度为3.0g/L时,山核桃壳棕色素的总抗氧化能力相当于126.65mmol/Lα-生育酚;棕色素还原能力的EC50值(吸光度为0.5时的质量浓度)为0.286g/L;质量浓度为1.0g/L时,棕色素对.OH的清除率达到60.84%。抑菌实验表明:山核桃壳棕色素对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)均有抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度分别为0.125、0.25、0.25、1.0、0.5g/L。红外光谱分析结果表明:该棕色素含有苯环和酚羟基结构。     

表面活性剂对幕帘稳定性的影响

研究表面活性剂的动态表面张力、发泡性及表面活性剂用量对幕帘稳定性的影响。试验结果表明：0．2s内的动态表面张力小则利于形成稳定的幕帘;发泡性强的表面活性剂会对幕帘的稳定性造成不利的影响;在一定的范围内,幕帘的稳定性会随表面活性剂用量的增加而增加。一定范围内,表面活性剂动态表面张力小、发泡性低、用量增加利于扩大操作窗口,利于在低车速的情况下实现低的涂布量。     

Evaluation of Pseudomonas spp. through O2 and CO2 headspace analysis

This article proposes an approach to determine the level of Pseudomonas spp. in milk, based on the evaluation of the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide produced in the headspace of sealed vials; the research was divided into two phases: model building and preliminary validation. Three different strains of Pseudomonas spp., Ps. putida (wild strain) and Ps. fluorescens (wild and collection isolates), were used as targets. Data of CO₂ and O₂ were modelled through a modified positive (CO₂) or a negative Gompertz equation (O₂) to estimate the Minimum Detection Time (MDT), defined as the time to attain 3% of CO₂ (MDT₁) or a decrease in the content of O₂ by 3% (MDT₂). Then, MDT₁ and MDT₂ were submitted to a linear regression procedure, using cell concentration as independent variable; the correlations ‘MDT₁/cell concentration’ and ‘MDT₂/cell concentration’ showed high determination coefficients (>0.983). Moreover, the regression procedure pointed out that both MDT₁ and MDT₂ decreased by ca. 3 h for an increase in cell count of 1 log cfu mL^?1. Preliminary validation in milk pointed out that the error associated with the regression line ‘MDT₂/cell concentration’ was below 5%.     

两种兔耳草提取物的体外抑菌作用

短管兔耳草(Lagotis brevituba Maxim)和短穗兔耳草(Lagotis brachystachy Maxim)在传统藏药中具有抑菌消炎的功效。采用琼脂孔扩散法和96孔培养板对倍稀释法测定了这两种植物不同极性溶剂逐级提取物对4种采后真菌和4种腐败细菌的体外抑菌率和最低抑制浓度。结果表明:在供试真菌中,短管兔耳草提取物对F.semitectum和P.expansum具有抑菌活性,短穗兔耳草提取物对P.expansum和A.alternate具有抑菌活性。两种植物的提取物对供试细菌的抑菌活性整体上较强,短管兔耳草提取物对S.aureus和P.fluorescence有抑菌活性,而短穗兔耳草提取物对S.aureus,E.coli,B.subtilis和P.fluorescence都有抑菌活性。提取物对细菌的最低抑菌浓度最低可达0.05g/mL。结论:这两种植物的提取物具有较广的体外抑菌谱和较强的抑菌活性。     

基于图匹配的人脸识别算法

为了识别有较大表情变化的人脸,利用sift算法找到人脸图像中的DoG关键点,用这些极值点所包含的灰度信息和位置信息建立最小生成树,再使用最小生成树估计联合Rényi熵,结合图论中的图匹配知识,进行人脸识别.实验结果表明,该算法在人脸出现较大表情变化的情形下仍能够得到较为准确的识别结果.     

几种中草药提取液对沙门氏菌抑菌效果研究

用醇提和水煎两种方法从30种中草药中筛选抑菌作用显著的4种材料为鹿蹄草、山豆根、石榴皮、五倍子。用二倍稀释法测定测定这4种中草药对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),然后进一步研究其对温度、介质pH、紫外线照射的稳定性。结果表明:鹿蹄草最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为250mg/mL,五倍子和石榴皮MIC为62.5mg/mL,MBC为125mg/mL,山豆根MIC为250mg/mL,MBC为500mg/mL。温度、介质pH、紫外线照射对这4种中草药提取液稳定性有一定影响。