发酵前后甜石榴汁中有机酸的变化研究

本试验利用反相液相色谱（RP-HPLC）法分离测定发酵前后甜石榴汁中有机酸种类和含量。在甜石榴汁中检测到的有机酸包括草酸、苹果酸、α-酮戊二酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸与富马酸,其中主要有机酸为乳酸（占总有机酸的51.2%）、草酸（占总有机酸的26.8%）和柠檬酸（占总有机酸的16.8%）。发酵后甜石榴汁中的草酸与乳酸含量下降,乙酸含量增加,新生成酒石酸、丙酮酸与琥珀酸;苹果酸与柠檬酸含量增加。发酵后甜石榴汁的有机酸总量下降了7.8%.     

响应面法优化硇洲马尾藻多糖提取工艺

为优化硇洲马尾藻多糖提取工艺,在单因素试验基础上,选择提取温度,提取时间,料液比为自变量,多糖提取率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,研究各自变量交互作用及其对硇洲马尾藻多糖得率的影响,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,并确定硇洲马尾藻多糖提取工艺最佳条件为:料液比为1:21(g/mL),提取温度为90.7℃,提取时间为5.14 h,在此条件下,硇洲马尾藻多糖得率达到6.39%。     

槟榔炮制阶段优势霉菌分析及其防霉剂的研制

分别采用营养琼脂培养基、高盐察氏培养基、牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基、高氏1号培养基、马铃薯营养琼脂培养基（加入山梨醇）分析炮制阶段槟榔中微生物菌群的基本构相,其中霉菌为主要菌群,数量为总菌落数的30％左右;进一步对炮制阶段槟榔中的霉菌进行分离纯化,经斜面和湿室栽片培养后,所得青霉菌株数为菌株总数的40％左右,表明青霉为优势霉菌。分别采用钠他霉素、脱氢醋酸钠及其复合防霉剂对青霉进行抑菌活性测定,三者的MIC值分别为10,90,80mg／kg,抑菌圈直径分别为8．4,9．8,9．1nim,同时确定钠他霉素与脱氢醋酸钠以1：500混合时对青霉的防霉效果最佳。     

芽孢杆菌产胞外多糖对大肠杆菌的60Co、UVB、低能氮离子的辐射保护作用研究

该文研究了选自新疆罗布泊沙漠的一株芽孢杆菌所产的胞外多糖(EPS)对大肠杆菌(E.coli)的60Co、UVB、低能氮离子辐射保护作用。选用灰树花多糖和VC做对照,通过大肠杆菌的存活菌落数来计算抗辐射率,进而比较这3种物质对大肠杆菌的辐射保护作用。结果表明:与灰树花多糖和VC相比,EPS具有更加明显的辐射保护作用。低能氮离子注入的存活曲线与60Co、UVB辐射不同,前者呈"马鞍型"曲线,而后两者为指数曲线。     

Comparison of in-situ and ex-situ microbial enhanced oil recovery by strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1 in laboratory sand-pack columns

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applies biotechnology to improve residual crude oil production from substratum reservoir. MEOR includes in-situ MEOR and ex-situ MEOR. The former utilizes microbial growth and metabolism in the reservoir, and the latter directly injects desired active products produced by microbes on the surface. Taking biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1 for research objects, in-situ enhanced oil recovery and ex-situ enhanced oil recovery by biosurfactant-producing strain WJ-1 were comparatively investigated in sand-pack columns.The results showed that P.aeruginosa WJ-1 really proliferated in sand-pack columns, produced 2.66 g/L of biosurfactant, altered wettability, reduced oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsified crude oil under simulated in-situ process. Results also showed that higher biosurfactant concentration, lower IFT, smaller average diameters of emulsified crude oil were obtained in in-situ enhanced oil recovery experiment than those in ex-situ enhance oil recovery experiment. Similar wettability alteration was observed in both in-situ and ex-situ enhanced oil recovery experiment. The flooding experiments in sand-pack columns revealed that the recovery of in-situ was 7.46%/7.32% OOIP (original oil in place), and the recovery of the ex-situ was 4.64%/4.49% OOIP. Therefore, in-situ approach showed greater potential in enhancing oil recovery in contrast with ex-situ approach. It is recommended that the stimulation of indigenous microorganisms rather than injection of microbial produced active products should be applied when MEOR technologies were employed.     

The Utilization of Lipid Waste for Biosurfactant Production and Its Application in Enhancing Oil Recovery

Abstract

In this article, biosurfactant production from low-cost and renewable substrate and its application in petroleum industry were studied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa DG30 grew on used vegetable oil and accumulated 15.56 g/L of biosurfactant at 72 hr. The biosurfactant exhibited excellent surface activity and stability. Sand package tests showed an approximately 20% increase of oil recovery by the treatment of bacterial culture broth. Single-well stimulation tests were conducted in a heavy oil reservoir in Dagang Oilfield, Tianjin, China. The blockages in the wellbore areas were removed effectively and more than 616 tons of crude oil was enhanced.